Table 1. Summary of Size, Shape (Sphere-like if Not Specified), and Application of CuNPs.

authors/ref	NP size	target bacteria	application in vitro
Betancourt-Galindo et al., 201436	4–12 nm	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 13388) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538)	in Petri dish
Rasool and Hemalatha, 201743	–	Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus	in Petri dish
Bocarando-Chacón et al., 202044	10 nm	E. coli	in Petri dish
Laha et al., 201435	33 nm spherical,	Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Micrococcus luteous (ATCC 9341), E. coli (ATCC 10,536), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 13,387), and DH5a (kl2)	in Petri dish
	257 × 42 nm sheet
Chowdhury et al., 201381	3 nm	S. aureus and E. coli	in natural fibers, oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber
Roy et al., 201613	15 nm	S. aureus, Pseudomonas putida, and E. coli	using the leaf extract of Meliconia psittacorum
Marković et al., 202085	30–40 nm	Gram-negative bacteria E. coli (ATCC 25922), E. coli (ATCC BAA 2469), and K. pneumoniae (ATCC BAA 2146); Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and S. aureus (ATCC 43300); and yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 24433)	NPs grown on bleached cotton woven fabric
Sathiyavimal et al., 201884	50 nm	Gram-negative (E. coli and P. vulgaris) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria	synthesized using Sida acuta leaf extract, incorporated into cotton fabric
Amorim et al., 201945	10 nm	S. aureus (ATCC 29213)	cashew gum
Valencia et al., 202082	20	Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Listeria innocua) bacteria	cellulose nanofibril
Shahidi et al., 201883	40 and 100 nm	S. aureus (Gram-positive)	cotton fabric obtained with laser ablation
Delgado et al., 20114300	10–40 nm	E. coli	in a polypropylene matrix
Yaqub et al., 202047	20 nm	P. aeruginosa and E. coli	with doxycycline
Villanueva et al., 201675	63–160 nm	Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria	starch hydrogel
Cady et al., 201177	–	Acinetobacter baumannii	on cellulose
Vuković et al., 201574	–	E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans	hydrogel
Tang et al., 201870	50 nm	E. coli	polyethylenimine-stabilized NPs, embedded in agar
El-Batal et al., 201839	35 nm	K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and C. albicans	in Petri dish
Sankaref et al., 201551	577 nm	K. pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, S. aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and E. coli	copper oxide with Ficus religiosa leaf extract
Applerot et al., 201230	2 and 30 nm	Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria	antibacterial mechanism of CuO NPs
Balcucho et al., 202069	191 nm	methicillin-resistant S. aureus	polymer (polycaprolactone)
Jayaramudu et al., 202072	8 nm	Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria	chitosan hydrogel
Gutierrez et al., 201980	20–50 nm	E. coli and S. aureus	3D-printed alginate hydrogel
Yin et al., 201493	40 nm	Gram-positive oxacillin drug-resistant S. aureus and Gram-negative kanamycin drug-resistant E. coli	CuS NPs on the surface of NaYF4:Mn/Yb/Er@photosensitizer-doped SiO2
Zhou et al., 201937	800 nm	methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)	Cu2O@ZrP nanosheet

authors/ref	NP size	target microbes	application in vivo
Sankar et al., 201551	577 nm	K. pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, S. aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and E. coli	wound healing on albino rats
Li et al., 201668	40–50 nm	cell attachment and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), angiogenesis-related gene expression, vascularization by ELISA	wound healing on albino rats
Zangeneh et al., 201952	–	Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida guilliermondii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Streptococcus pneumonia	wound healing and antioxidant
Alizadeh et al., 201950	20, 40, 80 nm	cell migration, proliferation of endothelial and fibroblast cells, and collagen deposition	different sizes and different concentrations
Zhao et al., 202046	30 nm	cytotoxicity, and antifungal and antibacterial screening	wound healing evaluated by the number of fibrocytes and the concentrations of hydroxyproline, hexuronic acid, and hexosamine
Zhou et al., 202090	35 nm	–	hydrogel + photothermal
Tahvilian et al., 201963	50 nm	four fungal species, namely Candida albicans (PFCC No. 89-1000), Candida glabrata (PFCC No. 164-665), Candida krusei (PFCC No. 52951), and Candida guilliermondii, and four bacterial species, namely P. aeruginosa (ATCC No. 27853), E. coli 0157:H7 (ATCC No. 25922), B. subtilis (ATCC No. 6633), S. aureus (ATCC No. 25923), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC No. 14028), and Streptococcus pneumonia (ATCC No. 49619)	Allium saralicum, on wound healing
Gopal et al., 201453	50 nm	–	wound healing in vivo, chitosan
Xiao et al., 20184301	30 nm	drug-resistant Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli	infected wound healing in vivo, catalytic activity with H2O2
Wang et al., 202011	5 nm (roughness)	MRSA	in MRSA-infected wounds with GO
Qiao et al., 201991	6 nm	drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial ESBL E. coli and MRSA	in MRSA-infected wounds, photothermal with quantum dots of CuS
Tao et al., 201954	88 nm	Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus)	CuNPs + hydrogel net for photothermal in vivo infected wounds
Shalom et al., 2017	35–95 nm	E. coli, S. aureus, and Proteus mirabilis	catheter-associated urinary tract infections prevention