Table-I.
Association analysis of genotype and allele distribution of 374T/A polymorphism among study groups.
| 374T/A | HC N=150 N (%) | DNR N=150 N (%) | DR N=150 N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p Value | Regression analysis OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genotypes | |||||||
| TT | 139 (92.7) | 120 (80) | 115(76.7) | Ref 1 | |||
| TA | 9 (6) | 26 (17.3) | 29 (19.3) | 3.34 (1.50-7.42)a
3.89 (1.77- 8.56)b 1.15 (0.64-2.08)c |
0.001a
0.0003b 0.610c |
3.34 (1.50-7.42)a
3.89 (1.77-8.56) b |
0.003a
0.001b |
| AA | 2 (1.3) | 4 (2.7) | 6(4) | 2.31(0.41-12.87)a
3.62(0.71-18.31)b 1.56 (0.43-5.69)c |
0.423a
0.149b 0.536c |
||
| Allele | |||||||
| T | 287 (95.7) | 266 (88.7) | 259(86.3) | ||||
| A | 13 (4.3) | 34 (11.3) | 41 (13.7) | 2.82 (1.45-5.46)a
3.49 (1.83-6.66)b 1.23 (0.80-2.01)c |
0.001 a
<0.0001b 0.386c |
2.82 (1.45-5.46)a
1.86 (1.35-2.58)b |
0.002 a
0.002b |
| Dominant Model | |||||||
| TT TA+AA |
139 (92.7) 11 (7.3) |
120 (80) 30 (20) |
115 (76.7) 35 (23.3) |
3.15 (1.51-6.57)a
3.84(1.86-7.91)b 1.21 (0.70-2.11)c |
0.001 a
0.00001b 0.483c |
3.15 (1.51-6.57)a
1.96 (1.36- 2.81)b |
0.002 a
<0.001b |
| Recessive Model | |||||||
| TT+TA AA |
148 (98.7) 2 (1.3) |
146(97.3) 4 (2.7) |
144(96) 6(4) |
2.02(0.36- 11.24)a
3.08(0.61-15.52)b 1.52 (0.42-5.50)c |
0.684a
0.282b 0.521c |
“HC: healthy controls, DNR: diabetic with no retinopathy, DR: diabetic retinopathy, a: HC vs DNR, b: HC vs DR, c: DNR vs DR, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval. p value < 0.05 is considered significant.”