Table 1. Reaction Optimization for the Hydroamination Reaction between Alkynes and N,N-Dialkylhydroxylaminesa.
| yield
(%)b |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| entry | solvent | temp. (°C) | time (h) | conv. (%) | 4 | 5 + 5′ |
| 1 | CHCl3 | 50 | 6 | 65 | 5 | 50 |
| 2 | CHCl3 | 60 | 6 | 84 | 23 | 48 |
| 3 | CHCl3 | 70 | 6 | 100 | 49 | 31 |
| 4 | CH2Cl2 | 60 | 6 | 100 | 46 | 43 |
| 5 | DCE | 60 | 6 | 89 | 45 | 20 |
| 6 | iPrOH | 60 | 6 | 59 | 3 | 47 |
| 7 | TFE | 60 | 6 | 49 | 2 | 47 |
| 8 | iPrOH | 60 | 12 | 77 | 26 | 51 |
| 9 | TFE | 60 | 12 | 81 | 4 | 76 |
| 10 | 50% TFE/CHCl3 | 60 | 6 | 55 | <1 | 52 |
| 11 | 20% TFE/CHCl3 | 60 | 6 | 62 | <1 | 61 |
| 12c | 20% TFE/CHCl3 | 60 | 6 | 33 | <1 | 28 |
| 13d | 20% TFE/CHCl3 | 60 | 6 | 35 | <1 | 26 |
| 14 | 20% TFE/CHCl3 | 60 | 18 | 95 | <1 | 96 |
Conditions: alkyne 3 (0.2 mmol, 1 equiv, 0.2 M), N,N-diethylhydroxylamine (1 mmol, 5.0 equiv, 1 M).
Yields were determined by NMR using benzotrifluoride as an internal standard.
N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine (2 equiv) was used.
Concentration of 0.1 M. Temp. = temperature; conv. = conversion.
