Table 2.
Cardiorespiratory parameters during the incremental cycling test in each group: groups of normal weight participants (REF), OW, and OB.
| Parameters | REF | OW | OB | Mean square |
F | p | Post hoc | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | min-max | −95% | 95% | Mean (SD) | min-max | −95% | 95% | Mean (SD) | min-max | −95% | 95% | |||||
| HR | 182.81 (15.02) | 131.00–206.00 | 178.67 | 186.95 | 183.37 (16.00) | 145.00–202.00 | 178.77 | 187.96 | 175.75 (17.00) | 132–201 | 170.81 | 180.69 | 255.87 | 3.44 | 0.034 | |
| BF | 45.19 (10.26) | 24.00–69.00 | 42.36 | 48.02 | 47.16 (11.52) | 24.00–71.00 | 43.86 | 50.47 | 40.46 (9.38) | 23.00–75.00 | 37.74 | 43.18 | 108.66 | 5.30 | 0.005 | b |
| T | 10.20 (0.80) | 12.10–15.10 | 9.98 | 10.42 | 15.20 (0.60) | 12.20–15.30 | 15.03 | 15.37 | 15.20 (0.6) | 13.5–15.8 | 15.03 | 15.37 | 10.64 | 4.62 | 0.011 | a,c |
| VO2peak | 1.39 (0.44) | 0.69–2.84 | 1.27 | 1.51 | 1.48 (0.55) | 0.74–3.58 | 1.32 | 1.64 | 1.64 (0.53) | 0.84–3.17 | 1.49 | 1.79 | 0.25998 | 3.10 | 0.048 | c |
| VO2peak/kg | 36.51 (8.10) | 11.00–52.00 | 34.27 | 38.75 | 29.18 (8.93) | 14.00–49.00 | 26.62 | 31.75 | 25.44 (5.9) | 13.00–37.00 | 23.70 | 27.17 | 60.805 | 26.50 | <0.001 | a,b,c |
| W | 133.08 (56.80) | 42.00–254.00 | 117.27 | 148.88 | 110.51 (59.90) | 35.00–333.00 | 92.09 | 127.17 | 101.77 (41.14) | 43.00–254.00 | 89.83 | 113.76 | 2921.7 | 4.64 | 0.011 | a,c |
| VE | 50.57 (19.04) | 21.23–106.90 | 45.32 | 55.82 | 51.94 (24.50) | 21.90–132.10 | 44.88 | 59.00 | 51.44 (14.50) | 22.90–88.90 | 47.23 | 55.65 | 392.63 | 0.07 | 0.939 | |
| VE/VO2 | 26.69 (3.45) | 20.30–33.90 | 25.74 | 27.63 | 30.77 (4.80) | 21.90–39.50 | 29.39 | 32.15 | 31.24 (4.37) | 24.40–42.30 | 29.97 | 32.51 | 17.874 | 18.01 | <0.001 | a,c |
| VE/VCO2 | 27.58 (3.11) | 21.20–34.90 | 26.73 | 28.44 | 30.02 (3.97) | 14.80–37.10 | 28.88 | 31.16 | 30.26 (3.21) | 22.80–39.10 | 29.31 | 31.20 | 11.933 | 9.40 | <0.001 | a,c |
| RER | 1.07 (0.09) | 0.89–1.30 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.03 (0.12) | 0.85–1.20 | 1.01 | 1.04 | 0.98 (0.07) | 0.81–1.12 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.00567 | 16.24 | <0.001 | a,b,c |
One-way ANOVA model. Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test: a, differences between REF an OW; b, differences between OW and OB; c, differences between OB and REF. HR, heart rate; BF, breathing frequency; T, time; VO2peak, peak oxygen consumption/maximal oxygen uptake; VO2peak/kg, VO2peak per body mass; W, peak power output; VE, minute ventilation volume; VE/VO2, ventilation equivalent for oxygen; VE/VCO2, Ventilation equivalent for carbon dioxide; and RER, respiratory exchange ratio.