Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of respondents.
| Characteristics | Groups | Number of respondents (%) | % working in remote districts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 27 and less | 1,542 (48.6) | 9.2 |
| 28 and over | 1,401 (44.1) | 8.3 | |
| Unknown/other | 233 (7.3) | 9.9 | |
| Gender | Female | 1,791 (56.4) | 6.7 |
| Male | 1,085 (34.1) | 9.2 | |
| Unknown/other | 300 (9.5) | 9.6 | |
| Marital–parental status | Married–with 1+ child | 878 (27.6) | 4.9 |
| Married–without children | 488 (15.4) | 6.5 | |
| Unmarried–with or without children | 1,567 (49.3) | 9.8 | |
| Unknown/other | 243 (7.7) | 8.6 | |
| Upbringing location | Urban districta | 2,222 (70.0) | 5.6 |
| Rural districtb | 803 (25.3) | 5.7 | |
| Remote districtc | 145 (4.6) | 58.7 | |
| Unknown/other | 6 (0.2) | 0 | |
| Medical school location | Urban districta | 3,041 (95.7) | 7.8 |
| Rural districtb | 130 (4.1) | 10.7 | |
| Unknown/other | 5 (0.2) | 0 | |
| Medical school type | Privated | 1,516 (47.7) | 6.3 |
| Publice | 1,655 (52.1) | 9.2 | |
| Unknown/other | 5 (0.2) | 0 | |
| Clerkship locationf | Entire clerkship spent in urban districtsa | 1,557 (49.0) | 8.2 |
| Any clerkship time in rural districtsb | 1,327 (41.8) | 6.1 | |
| Any clerkship time in remote districtsc | 78 (2.5) | 27.8 | |
| Unknown/other | 204 (6.7) | 8.4 | |
| Internship locationg | Urban districta | 1,429 (45.0) | 5.4 |
| Rural districtb | 1,369 (43.1) | 6.4 | |
| Remote districtc | 378 (11.9) | 22.5 | |
| Time since internship completion (months) | Up to 12 | 658 (20.7) | 8.7 |
| 13–24 | 1,043 (32.8) | 8.4 | |
| 25–36 | 841 (26.5) | 7.8 | |
| 37–48 | 558 (17.6) | 6.2 | |
| More than 48 | 58 (1.8) | 8.3 | |
| Unknown/other | 18 (0.6) | 5.0 | |
| Currently in government employmenth | Yes | 551 (17.4) | 10.8 |
| No | 2,625 (82.6) | 7.3 | |
| Current participation in a rural incentive programi | Yes | 396 (12.5) | 41.2 |
| No | 2,780 (87.5) | 4.2 | |
| Previous post-internship work in rural or remote locations | None | 2,355 (74.2) | 5.3 |
| Yes, in incentive programi | 280 (8.8) | 24.7 | |
| Yes, not in incentive programj | 369 (11.6) | 10.9 | |
| Unknown/other | 172 (5.4) | 8.9 |
aUrban districts are non-remote districts that have 50% or less of population living in rural villages, according to Head of Central Bureau of Statistics Regulation 37/2010.
bRural districts are non-remote districts that have more than 50% of population living in rural villages, according to Head of Central Bureau of Statistics Regulation 37/2010.
cRemote districts are those defined as isolated, border or island districts according to Presidential Regulation 131/2015.
dPrivate medical schools are those funded by a private or non-government organization.
ePublic medical schools are those funded by the government.
fClerkship or clinical rotation is a phase in the undergraduate medical course, usually in the final year(s) of study, in which students are under supervision and do not have full authority to treat patients. In Indonesia, clerkships take 1.5–2 years. During the clerkship, medical students are placed in teaching hospitals or affiliation hospitals, in accordance with their medical school's regulations. For example, one medical school may allocate the entire clerkship to one hospital's pediatrics department, while another may distribute the clerkship across more than one hospital.
gIn Indonesia, internship completion is required for medical graduates to obtain registration as a doctor. Interns have full authority to treat patients.
hGovernment employment of doctors with a long-term (lifetime) contract, whether during candidature or at the official stage (Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil [CPNS] or Pegawai Negeri Sipil [PNS]).
iRural incentive programs include Nusantara Sehat and PTT. Incentive amounts may vary.
jRefers to any work experience in rural or remote locations outside the Nusantara Sehat and PTT programs. The participants may or may not have received additional financial incentives.