Table 2.
Association of the factors with group membership (n = 1207): hierarchical multinomial regression.
| OCS+/OCS+b | OCS−/OCS+b | OCS+/OCS−b | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | OR | [CI 95%] | p | OR | [CI 95%] | p | OR | [CI 95%] | p |
| Block 1 | |||||||||
| Age | 0.994 | [0.978, 1.011] | 0.490 | 1.005 | [0.989, 1.022] | 0.528 | 0.985 | [0.964, 1.006] | 0.167 |
| Education (A levels) | 1.085 | [0.606, 1.943] | 0.785 | 1.007 | [0.507, 2.000] | 0.983 | 0.388 | [0.165, 0.912] | 0.030 |
| Sex (1 = f, 2 = m) | 1.825 | [1.218, 2.733] | 0.004 | 0.925 | [0.587, 1.457] | 0.735 | 1.992 | [1.088, 3.646] | 0.026 |
| PHQ-9, t0 | 1.066 | [0.996, 1.141] | 0.067 | 1.005 | [0.935, 1.080] | 0.892 | 1.002 | [0.898, 1.119] | 0.968 |
| C-OCS, t0a | 31.931 | [11.923, 85.514] | <0.001 | 5.266 | [1.246, 22.265] | 0.024 | 8.176 | [2.112, 31.644] | 0.002 |
| nC-OCS, t0a | 11.416 | [4.962, 26.269] | <0.001 | 8.836 | [3.747, 20.835] | <0.001 | 1.905 | [0.271, 13.377] | 0.517 |
| Block 2 | |||||||||
| Age | 0.998 | [0.981, 1.016] | 0.850 | 1.002 | [0.985, 1.020] | 0.806 | 0.984 | [0.963, 1.006] | 0.153 |
| Education (A levels) | 0.962 | [0.486, 1.904] | 0.912 | 0.998 | [0.493, 2.021] | 0.996 | 0.348 | [0.144, 0.845] | 0.020 |
| Sex (1 = f, 2 = m) | 1.746 | [1.093, 2.788] | 0.020 | 1.045 | [0.652, 1.674] | 0.856 | 2.222 | [1.204, 4.102] | 0.011 |
| PHQ-9, t0 | 1.062 | [0.989, 1.141] | 0.099 | 1.021 | [0.956, 1.090] | 0.544 | 0.995 | [0.895, 1.106] | 0.925 |
| C-OCS, t0a | 20.633 | [6.495, 65.548] | <0.001 | 3.185 | [0.726, 13.969] | 0.125 | 8.142 | [2.093, 31.670] | 0.002 |
| nC-OCS, t0a | 8.962 | [3.529, 22.754] | <0.001 | 7.363 | [2.956, 18.340] | <0.001 | 1.644 | [0.231, 11.719] | 0.620 |
| AAQ-OCD-COVID, t1 | 1.145 | [1.120, 1.172] | <0.001 | 1.074 | [1.050, 1.098] | <0.001 | 1.064 | [1.035, 1.094] | <0.001 |
| Change in AAQ-OCD-COVID, t1–t2 | 0.934 | [0.911, 0.957] | <0.001 | 0.922 | [0.900, 0.945] | <0.001 | 1.017 | [0.981, 1.055] | 0.356 |
aReference group: no OCS (total score at t0 <18).
bReference group: asymptomatic trajectory (OCS−/OCS−); after adjustment for multiple testing according to the Holm-Bonferroni procedure, only findings with a p of .001 or below should be considered statistically significant.
OCS obsessive-compulsive symptoms, OR Odds ratio, OCS+/OCS+ continuously symptomatic trajectory with OCS at t1 and t2, OCS−/OCS+ delayed onset trajectory without OCS at t1 but at t2, OCS+/OCS− the recovery group trajectory with OCS at t1 but not at t2, C-OCS contamination-related OCS (OCI-R total score at t0 ≥18 and washing subscale at t0 ≥3), nC-OCS contamination-unrelated OCS (OCI-R total score at t0 ≥18 and washing subscale at t0 <3), PHQ-9 the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Module, OCI-R Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, AAQ-OCD-COVID Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Obsessions and Compulsions (COVID-19 adaption).