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. 2021 May 13;12:655981. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655981

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Copyright © 2021 Lin, Torres, Watkins, Paguigan, Niu, Imperial, Tun, Safavi-Hemami, Finol-Urdaneta, Neves, Espino, Karthikeyan, Olivera and Schmidt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Cone shells of Stephanoconus species. Left top, Conus regius (Florida); Left bottom, Conus archon (West Mexico); Center, Conus imperialis (Philippines); Right top, Conus genuanus (West Africa); Right bottom, Conus chiangi (Philippines, 150–250 m). (B) Variation in Indo-Pacific Stephanoconus. From left to right: Conus imperialis fuscatus (sometimes called viridulus; Zanzibar, East Africa); Conus zonatus (Laccadive Islands, India); Conus imperialis variety (Reunion Island); Conus imperialis variety (Balicasag Island, Philippines, gill nets, 70–120 fathoms). All four forms may represent different species from the Conus imperialis specimen shown in A, but only Conus zonatus is generally accepted as being different (Photography by Sam Watson and Sam Espino.)