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Proposed biosynthesis of conazolium. (A) Known routes to antioxidants ergothioneine and ovothiol. The synthesis of an “ovothiol-like intermediate” that is the precursor to conazoliums has features of both pathways, but with an additional methylation on the imidazole ring. The arrow in green indicates a reaction that was characterized using the C. imperialis enzyme, ConA. (B) The “ovothiol-like intermediate” reacts with electrophilic metabolites to create the conazoliums (10–11).
