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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 9.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2020 Oct 9;72(4):1298–1309. doi: 10.1002/hep.31146

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3.

Intracellular pathways affected by statins in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Abbreviations: AMPK, adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase; COX2, cyclooxygenase-2; E2F-1, E2F transcription factor 1; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; FOXO, forkhead box O3; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; LC3–11, light chain3–11; PERK, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; PI3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor; TS, thymidylate synthase.