Table 2. Quality Assessment of Included Studies.
| Source | Prospective cohort (0 or 1)a | Representativeness (0 or 1)b | Baseline severity reported (0 or 1)c | Attrition (0, 1, 2, or 3)d | Repeated outcome measurements (0 or 1)e | Established outcome scales (0, 1, or 2)f |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akter et al,8 2020 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Arnold et al,9 2020 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Carfi et al,10 2020 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Carvalho-Schneider et al,11 2021 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Chen et al,12 2020 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Chiesa-Estomba et al,13 2020 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Chopra et al,14 2020 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| D’Cruz et al,15 2021 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Daher et al,16 2020 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| de Graaf et al,17 2021 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Garrigues et al,18 2020 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Gherlone et al,19 2021 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gonzalez et al,20 2021 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Halpin et al,21 2021 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Huang et al,22 2021 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Jacobs et al,23 2020 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Lechien et al,24 2020 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Lerum et al,25 2020 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Liang et al,26 2020 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Lu et al,27 2020 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Mandal et al,28 2020 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Mazza et al,29 2021 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Mendez et al,30 2021 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Moreno-Perez et al,31 2021 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Munro et al,32 2020 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nguyen et al,33 2021 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Poncet-Megemont et al,34 2020 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Puntmann et al,35 2020 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Qu et al,36 2021 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Raman et al,37 2021 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Rosales-Castillo et al,38 2021 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Shah et al,39 2020 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Sonnweber et al,40 2020 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Sonnweber et al,41 2020 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Sykes et al,42 2021 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Taboada et al,43 2021 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Tomasoni et al,44 2021 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Townsend et al,45 2020 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Ugurlu et al,46 2021 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Vaira et al,47 2020 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| van den Borst et al,48 2020 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Weerahandi et al,49 2021 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Wong et al,50 2020 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Xiong et al,51 2021 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Zhao et al,52 2020 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Score of 0 indicates no (5 studies) and 1 indicates yes (40 studies).
Score of 0 indicates sampling strategy unclear or nonconsecutive enrollees (14 studies) and 1 indicates patients randomly selected or all eligible patients included (31 studies).
Score of 0 indicates not reported (22 studies) and 1 indicates reported (23 studies).
Score of 0 indicates not reported or attrition of 30% or higher (24 studies), 1 indicates attrition of 20% to 29% (6 studies), 2 indicates attrition of 10% to 19% (9 studies), and 3 indicates attrition of less than 10% (6 studies).
Score of 0 indicates outcome measured once (39 studies) and 1 indicates outcome measured more than once (6 studies).
Score of 0 indicates no use of outcome scales (10 studies), 1 indicates some use of outcome scales (15 studies), and 2 indicates use of outcome scales for most outcomes (20 studies).