Table 1.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Between Patients Colonized With Candida auris and Patients With Negative C. auris Screening Swabs
| Clinical characteristics | Case, n = 60, n (%) | Control, n = 218, n (%) | Odds ratioa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Male, ncase = 60; ncontrol = 214 | 30 (50.0) | 101 (47.2) | 1.12 (.62–2.02) |
| Age, median (range) | 68.0 (26–97) | 69.5 (20–98) | 1.00 (.98–1.02) |
| Race/ethnicity, ncase = 58; ncontrol = 192 | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 25 (43.1) | 72 (37.5) | Ref |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 17 (29.3) | 62 (32.3) | .78 (.38–1.60) |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 9 (15.5) | 34 (17.7) | 1.81 (.31–2.13) |
| Hispanic | 6 (10.3) | 23 (12.0) | .83 (.27–2.52) |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 1 (1.7) | 1 (.5) | 2.97 (.17–50.64) |
| BMI, ncase = 55; ncontrol = 197 | |||
| Underweight | 5 (9.1) | 16 (8.1) | 1.08 (.33–3.54) |
| Normal | 23 (41.8) | 73 (37.1) | Ref |
| Overweight | 13 (23.6) | 62 (31.5) | .65 (.30–1.43) |
| Obese | 14 (25.5) | 46 (23.4) | .98 (.44–2.18) |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Diabetes | 25 (41.7) | 87 (39.9) | 1.05 (.58–1.91) |
| Neurologic diseaseb | 49 (81.7) | 160 (73.4) | 1.61 (.77–3.38) |
| Dementia | 21 (35.0) | 63 (28.9) | 1.35 (.72–2.55) |
| Cardiovascular diseasec | 30 (50.0) | 126 (57.8) | .69 (.38–1.27) |
| Myocardial infarction | 2 (3.3) | 12 (5.5) | .56 (.12–2.73) |
| Congestive heart failure | 18 (30.0) | 50 (22.9) | 1.46 (.74–2.91) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 5 (8.3) | 10 (4.6) | 2.10 (.64–6.84) |
| Cerebrovascular attack | 17 (28.3) | 88 (40.4) | .55 (.29–1.05) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (11.7) | 26 (11.9) | .95 (.38–2.37) |
| Mild liver diseased | 1 (1.7) | 5 (2.3) | .71 (.08–6.33) |
| Hemiplegia/paraplegia/quadriplegia | 5 (8.3) | 40 (18.3) | .36 (.13–1.02) |
| CCI with age, median (IQR) | 5.33 (4–7) | 5.56 (4–7) | .95 (.84–1.08) |
| Modified Barthel index, median (range), ncase = 47; ncontrol = 184 | 0 (0–10) | 0 (0–60) | .84 (.70–1.01) |
| Medical devices present | 60 (100.0) | 194 (89.0) | N/A |
| Tracheostomy | 58 (96.7) | 179 (82.1) | 11.33 (2.11–60.77) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 53 (88.3) | 138 (63.3) | 5.62 (2.22–14.23) |
| Surgically placed feeding tube | 56 (93.3) | 180 (82.6) | 3.04 (1.01–9.19) |
| Urinary catheter | 24 (40.0) | 41 (18.8) | 3.43 (1.75–6.70) |
| Central venous catheter | 5 (8.3) | 6 (2.8) | 3.31 (.93–11.83) |
| Any MDRO in the 90 days prior to PPSe | 26 (43.3) | 53 (24.3) | 2.58 (1.36–4.89) |
| Clostridiodes difficile | 10 (16.7) | 18 (8.3) | 2.29 (.98–5.40) |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | 8 (13.3) | 16 (7.3) | 1.93 (.76–4.89) |
| Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae | 5 (8.3) | 6 (2.8) | 3.52 (.99–12.52) |
| ESBL-producing bacteria | 4 (6.7) | 10 (4.6) | 1.58 (.46–5.37) |
| Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. | 4 (6.7) | 3 (1.4) | 5.06 (1.06–24.21) |
| Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 3 (5.0) | 6 (2.8) | 1.86 (.42–8.15) |
| Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii | 1 (1.7) | 4 (1.8) | .95 (.10–9.27) |
| Mortality | |||
| 90-day all-cause mortality | 10 (16.7) | 9 (4.1) | 4.80 (1.79–12.89) |
| 30-day all-cause mortality | 3 (5.0) | 5 (2.3) | 2.21 (.49–9.96) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CI, confidence interval; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; IQR, interquartile range; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organism; PPS, point prevalence survey.
aUnivariate models used to calculate odds ratios included PPS in the models.
bNeurologic disease includes cerebral palsy, chronic cognitive deficit, dementia, epilepsy, seizure disorders, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, Parkinson’s disease, and others.
cCardiovascular disease includes cerebrovascular attack, stroke, transient ischemic attack, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and others.
dMild liver disease includes cirrhosis without portal hypertension and chronic hepatitis.
eAny MDRO includes Clostridioides difficile, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or ESBL-producing bacteria, as well as coinfections with multiple MDROs. Due to coinfections, the sum of specific MDROs exceeds the number of individuals with any MDRO.