Table 2.
Antibacterial Use, Antifungal Use, Acute Care Hospitalizations Prior to Point Prevalence Survey, and Roommate Analyses in Candida auris Colonized Cases and Controls, New York, 2016–2018
| Drug or hospital exposure | Case, n = 60 | Control, n = 218 | Odds ratioa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antibiotic use, median (IQR) | |||
| Total antibiotic courses in the 90 days before PPS | 3 (1–5) | 1 (0–3) | 1.31 (1.15–1.49) |
| Systemic antibiotic courses in the 90 days before PPS | 3 (1–5) | 1 (0–3) | 1.34 (1.16–1.54) |
| Received any antibiotic in the 90 days before PPS, n (%) | 51 (85.0) | 152 (69.7) | 2.75 (1.24–6.11) |
| ≥1 systemic antibiotic in the 90 days before PPS, n (%) | 48 (80.0) | 139 (63.8) | 2.51 (1.22–5.17) |
| Specific antibacterial drugs used in the 90 days before PPS, n (%) | |||
| Received vancomycin or a carbapenem | 36 (60.0) | 64 (29.4) | 4.30 (2.24–8.27) |
| Carbapenems | 26 (43.3) | 35 (16.1) | 4.68 (2.38–9.21) |
| Vancomycin | 25 (41.7) | 47 (21.6) | 2.71 (1.44–5.10) |
| Levofloxacin | 9 (15.0) | 39 (17.9) | .82 (.36–1.84) |
| Cefepime | 9 (15.0) | 23 (10.6) | 1.58 (.66–3.75) |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 8 (13.3) | 23 (10.6) | 1.31 (.55–3.15) |
| Antifungal use, median (IQR) | |||
| Total antifungal courses in the 90 days before PPS | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | .79 (.52–1.19) |
| Systemic antifungal courses in the 90 days before PPS | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 1.48 (.81–2.71) |
| ≥1 systemic antifungal in the 90 days before PPS, n (%) | 7 (11.7) | 14 (6.4) | 2.11 (.77–5.80) |
| Specific antifungal drugs used in the 90 days before PPS, n (%) | |||
| Fluconazole | 7 (11.7) | 7 (3.2) | 4.21 (1.37–12.94) |
| Nystatin | 0 (0) | 10 (4.6) | .37 (.02–2.29)b |
| ACH visits, median (IQR) | |||
| Total ACH visits in the 6 months before PPS | 1 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) | 1.29 (1.07–1.56) |
| Multi-day ACH visits in the 6 months before PPS | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–1) | 1.48 (1.18–1.85) |
| ≥1 ACH visits in the 6 months before PPS, n (%) | 47 (81.0) | 112 (56.3) | 3.53 (1.69–7.41) |
| Roommate colonization status, ncase = 59; ncontrol = 200 | |||
| Room with a colonized roommate | 4 (6.8) | 27 (13.5) | .44 (.14–1.33) |
| Room type at time of screening,c ncase = 57; ncontrol = 198 | |||
| In a room with 1 bed | 8 (14.0) | 28 (14.1) | Ref |
| In a room with 2 beds | 42 (73.7) | 151 (76.3) | 1.00 (.41–2.43) |
| In a room with 4 beds | 7 (12.3) | 19 (9.6) | 1.46 (.42–5.01) |
Abbreviations: ACH, acute care hospital; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; PPS, point prevalence survey.
aUnivariate models used to calculate odds ratios included PPS in the models.
bCalculated with a Haldane-Anscombe correction.
cThere were no rooms containing 3 beds.