Table 1.
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Shaanxi 2014 | Yunnan 2015 | Hebei 2015 | Shaanxi 2016 | Beijing 2017 | Henan 2017 | Shaanxi 2017 | Yunnan 2019 | |
(N = 4436) | (N = 525) | (N = 210) | (N = 230) | (N = 1832) | (N = 81) | (N = 271) | (N = 273) | (N = 1014) | |
Panel A: household characteristics | |||||||||
The primary caregiver is mother (1 = yes) | 3179 | 350 | 164 | 185 | 1286 | 60 | 170 | 167 | 797 |
0.72 | 0.67 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.63 | 0.61 | 0.79 | |
Mother’s age (years) | 27.5 | 26.42 | 26.81 | 29.15 | 27.98 | 28.52 | 27.62 | 28.61 | 26.55 |
5.06 | 4.55 | 5.43 | 4.81 | 5.01 | 3.96 | 4.13 | 4.2 | 5.59 | |
Mother’s years of schooling (years) | 9.09 | 8.51 | 8.50 | 9.97 | 9.22 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 6.87 |
3.56 | 2.53 | 3.10 | 2.94 | 2.64 | 2.51 | 3.08 | 2.85 | 4.14 | |
Household has higher socioeconomic status (1 = yes) | 2139 | 120 | 17 | 174 | 930 | 74 | 260 | 160 | 404 |
0.48 | 0.23 | 0.081 | 0.76 | 0.51 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.59 | 0.40 | |
Household receives rural subsistence allowance (dibao) (1 = yes) | 831 | 145 | 31 | 24 | 202 | 6 | 19 | 33 | 371 |
0.19 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.37 | |
Panel B: infant characteristics | |||||||||
Infant age (months) | 16.3 | 24.5 | 11.7 | 13.1 | 14.5 | 18.2 | 20.3 | 18.8 | 15.3 |
6.79 | 3.20 | 3.62 | 3.14 | 5.47 | 9.21 | 9.52 | 8.75 | 5.59 | |
Male infant (1 = yes) | 2284 | 251 | 111 | 125 | 944 | 44 | 152 | 133 | 524 |
0.51 | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.49 | 0.52 | |
Infant is premature (1 = yes) | 249 | 56 | 9 | 10 | 85 | 4 | 17 | 20 | 48 |
0.06 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
Notes: Data are frequency and percent for binary variables (1 = yes; 0 = no), and mean and standard deviation for numeric variables (years or months).