Table 5.

Correlations between stimulating parenting practices and household characteristics.

	(1)			(2)			(3)			(4)			(5)
	Read Book to Infant			Told Story to Infant			Sang Song to Infant			At Least One Practice			Two or More Practices
	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
The primary caregiver is mother	0.09 ***	0.07, 0.12	<0.001	0.04 ***	0.02, 0.07	0.001	0.16 ***	0.13,0.19	<0.001	0.18 ***	0.15, 0.21	<0.001	0.08 ***	0.05, 0.11	<0.001
Mother‘s age (years)	0.004 **	0.001 0.006	0.001	0.004 **	0.001 0.006	0.002	0.001	−0.002 0.004	−0.366	0.001	−0.002 0.004	0.514	0.005 ***	0.002 0.007	<0.001
Mother’s years of schooling (years)	0.02 ***	0.01, 0.02	<0.001	0.01 ***	0.01, 0.02	<0.001	0.03 ***	0.02, 0.03	<0.001	0.03 ***	0.02, 0.03	<0.001	0.02 ***	0.01, 0.02	<0.001
Household has higher socioeconomic status (1 = yes)	0.07 ***	0.04, 0.09	<0.001	0.07 ***	0.04, 0.10	<0.001	0.11 ***	0.08, 0.14	<0.001	0.12 ***	0.09, 0.16	<0.001	0.08 ***	0.06, 0.11	<0.001
Household receives rural subsistence allowance (dibao) (1 = yes)	0.00	−0.03, 0.03	0.864	−0.02	−0.06, 0.02	0.375	0.01	−0.02, 0.04	0.589	−0.01	−0.04, 0.02	0.516	0.01	−0.03, 0.04	0.638
Number of observations	4434			4434			4433			4434			4434

Notes: ^a Logistic regressions are used and marginal effects are reported in model (1) to (5). ^b Logistic regressions control for provinces and years fixed effects; standard errors are clustered at the village level. ^c Logistic regressions also adjust for three infant characteristics: infant age (months), male infant (1 = yes), and infant premature (1 = yes). ^d ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. ^e The coefficient and 95% CI of Mother’s age (years) are shown in three decimal digits because all of them are smaller than 0.01. ^f A generalized structural equation model (GSEM) was used to test robustness of measures and can be found in Appendix A Table A2.