Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of the control group.
| Age (years) * | 40.00 (25.00–51.50) |
| Sex (% women) | 71.4% |
| Clinical symptoms 1 | |
| Diarrhea | 19 (36%) |
| Bloating | 10 (20%) |
| Dyspepsia | 10 (20%) |
| Abdominal pain | 4 (8%) |
| Anaemia | 4 (8%) |
| Autoimmune disease | 4 (8%) |
| HLA Genotyping | |
| HLA-DQ2.2 | 16 (32%) |
| HLA-DQA1 * 05 | 14 (29%) |
| HLA-DQB1 * 02 | 9 (19%) |
| Without risk alleles | 10 (20%) |
| IEL count (%) * | 16.70 (11.50–20.00) |
| CD3+ TCRγδ+ IEL (%) * | 3.40 (2.63–5.78) |
| CD3− IEL (%) * | 21.03 (13.79–30.55) |
| Final diagnosis | |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 25 (51%) |
| Fructose malabsorption | 8 (17%) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 6 (12%) |
| Lactose malabsorption | 3 (6%) |
| Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity | 2 (4%) |
| Autoimmune pancreatitis | 1 (2%) |
| Chronic pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency | 1 (2%) |
| Factitious diarrhea | 1 (2%) |
| Esophageal dysmotility due to systemic sclerosis | 1 (2%) |
| Control biopsy after Helicobacter pylori eradication | 1 (2%) |
1 If patients reported more than one symptom, the predominant one was selected. * Median (IQR).