Table 2.

Anti-lung cancer activity of S. baicalensis and their flavone compounds in nicotine-induced NSCLC.

S. baicalensis/S. radix/Flavones	Concentration	NSCLC Cell Lines Target	Activity	Molecular Mechanism Target	Reference
S. baicalensis	250, 500 µg/mL	A549	Inhibition of cell motility/proliferation, induction of G1 phase arrest	cyclinD1, CDK4, MMP2 ↓	[51]
S. radix	750 µg/mL	H2087, H358	Induction of apoptosis and autophagy	caspase 3, PARP, LC3-II/LC3-I, AMPK ↑ mTOR ↓	[52]
S. radix/baicalein/wogonin	42.3 μg/mL	A549	Inhibition of cell proliferation/invasion, induction of S phase arrest	cyclinD1 ↓, P53 ↑	[53]
S. baicalensis/baicalein/baicalin/wogonin	29.8, 27.5, 16.7 μg/mL	SK-LU-1, A549, SK-MES-1	Induction of apoptosis and S phase arrest	Bax, P53 ↑ cyclinA ↓	[54]
S. baicalensis/baicalein/baicalin/wogonin	1, 10, 50 µM	A549, H1299	Anti-metastatic, anti-inflammatory, induction of apoptosis	Bax ↑ MMP2,MMP9, caspase-3, bcl-2/bax, bcl-2, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, IκB-α ↓	[55]
S. baicalensis/baicalein/baicalin/wogonin	10, 40, 200 μM	A549, H1299	Inhibition of cell migration/invasion, Id1 inhibition, anti-angiogenesis	VEGF-A, N-cadherin, vimentin, a7nAChR, Akt/Src ↓ E-cadherin ↑	[41]
Baicalein	40 µmol/L	A549, H460	Inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis	PI3K/Akt, miR-424-3p ↓	[56]
Baicalein	40 µmol/L	A549	Inhibition of cell motility/viability, anti-angiogenesis	PI3K, MMP2, MMP9 MMP14, VE-cadherin, RhoA/ROCK ↓	[57]
Baicalein	100, 200 µM	A549, H1299	Induction of autophagy	MAP4K3, mTOR ↓	[58]
Baicalein	10, 40 µmol/L	A549, H1299	Inhibition of cell invasion/metastasis	ezrin tension transduction, leader cells production, iNOS ↓	[59]
Baicalein	1, 10, 100 µM	A549, H460, SKMES1	Anti-angiogenesis	VEGF-A, FGFR-2, RB-1 ↓	[42]
Baicalein	80 µmol/L	A549, H1299	Inhibition of cell proliferation/invasion, Notch1 and hes-1 expression	cyclinD1, CDK1, N-cadherin, vimentin ↓ E-cadherin ↑	[60]
Baicalein	10 µM	A549	Anti-proliferative	N-cadherin, vimentin, Src/Id1 ↓ E-cadherin ↑	[43]
Baicalin	100 µM	A549, H2009	TRAIL-induced apoptosis	MAPK, ROS ↑	[61]
Baicalin	2, 4, 8 μg/mL	A549/DDP	Inhibition of cell proliferation/invasion	MARK2 mRNA, p-Akt ↓	[62]
Baicalin	25, 50, 100 µM	H441, H1975, H1299	Inhibition of cell proliferation/invasion	PBK/TOPK ↓	[63]
Baicalin	20, 40, 80 µmol/L	A549, H1299	Inhibition of cell proliferation/invasion induction of apoptosis	SIRT1/AMPK ↑ MMP2, MMP9 ↓	[64]
Wogonin	20 µM	A549	Induction of apoptosis, cisplatin-induced cell death	caspase 3, PARP, ROS ↑	[65]
Wogonin	20 µM	A549	Inhibition of cell migration/metastasis, anti-inflammatory	(IL-6)-induced EMT, N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, Twist, STAT3 ↓ E-cadherin ↑	[66]
Wogonin	15 μg/mL	A549	Inhibition of cell proliferation, glucose metabolism alteration	LDH, ATP synthesis ↓	[67]
Wogonin	50 µM	A549, A427	Induction of apoptosis and autophagy	caspases 8/9/3,ROS, LC3II ↑	[68]
Wogonin	35 μg/mL	A549	Inhibition of cell viability, induction of apoptosis	HDAC1/2, Skp2, Fbw7, GSK3b ↓	[69]
Wogonin	10 µM	A549	Cell cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis	APAF1, Bax, p21, PML, GADD45A, YPEL3 ↑ SGK1 ↓	[70]
Wogonoside	80 μM	A549	Induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest	caspases 3/9, Bax, mitochondrial cytochrome c, AMPK ↑ Bcl-2, mTOR ↓	[71]
Wogonin	60, 100, 200 μM	DMEM	Anti-proliferative	caspases 3/9 ↑	[72]
Oroxylin A	40 μM	H460	Anti-inflammatory	Tregs, TGFβ, Smad3, ERK1/2, JNK, P38, NF-κB/p65, IKKα, IKKβ ↓	[73]
Oroxylin A	16 μM	A549,95-D	Anti-invasive/migration	Snail, ERK/GSK-3β, CD44v6, MMP-9, vimentin ↓ E-cadherin ↑	[74]
Oroxylin A	120 μM	A549	Anti-invasion, glucose metabolism alteration	Src/PI3K/AKT, ATP synthesis, lactic acid formation, HK II ↓	[75]
Oroxylin A	50 μmol/L	H460	Suppression of XPC	HIF-1α ↓	[76]

(↓) decrease, (↑) increase.