IVD	intervertebral disc
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha
NP	nucleus pulposus
AF	annulus fibrosus
CEP	cartilaginous end plate
GAG	anionic glycosaminoglycan
PHD	prolyl 4-hydroxylase domain-containing
VHL	von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor
HRE	hypoxia responsive element
FIH-1	factor inhibiting HIF-1
C-TAD	C-transactivation domains
FasL	Fas ligand
ECM	extracellular matrix
GLUT	glucose transporter
ANK	ankylosis protein homolog gene
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFR	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
AMPK	adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin