Table 1.

Comparison of markers in different subtypes of chondrosarcoma.

	S100	SOX9	Bcl-2	NY-ESO	P53	Mutated IDH	Others	References
Conventional	+	+	+	+	+ (grade 2 and 3)	+	Brachyury, Col2a1, Cox-2, D2-40, Gal-1, MDM2, osteonectin, periostin, PTHrP, YKL-40	[34,41,44,45,48,55,58,60,61,62,63,64]
Clear cell	+	+	+	−	+	−	Col2a1, keratine, Runx2	[34,37,42,55,56]
Mesenchymal	+	+	+	−	+	−	CD99, desmin, EMA ezrin, MYF4, MYOD1, NKX2.2, vimentin	[30,31,34,55,56,57,60,63,65]
Dedifferentiated	−	+ #	+	+	+ *	+ **	CD44, Col1a1, Col2a1, cyclin D1, Ezrin, MDM2 *, PAI-1, PD-L1 ***, PTHR, Runx2	[34,36,37,45,55,56,57,60,63,66]

# SOX9 shows higher expression in the cartilaginous parts and lower expression in dedifferentiated compartments [45,56,67]. * p53 and MDM2 can be overexpressed in 59% and 16% of cases in dedifferentiated areas, respectively [37]. ** <20% of cases with IDH1 mutations can be identified by the p.Arg132His mutation-specific IDH1 antibody [60]. *** PD-L1 positivity was reported in 50% of cases [36]. Abbreviations: B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), collagen type II alpha 1 chain (Col2a1), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (Col1a1), cyclooxygenase-1 (Cox-2), podoplanin (D2-40), equi merozoite antigen (EMA), galectin-1 (Gal-1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), myogenin (MYF4), myoblast determination protein 1 (MYOD1), NK2 homeobox 2 (NKX2.2), New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor (PTHR1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), chitinase 3-like 1 (YKL-40).