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. 2021 May 14;10(5):782. doi: 10.3390/antiox10050782

Figure 5.

Figure 5

PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 increased inflammatory cytokine secretion partially through the NOX1-ROS signaling pathway in MVSMCs. MVSMCs were treated with d2H2O or 25 μg/mL PM2.5 or PM2.5-10 with and without 10 μM NAC for 48 h. (A) CXCL1 and (B) IL-6 protein concentrations were measured in the media. MVSMCs were treated with d2H2O or 25 μg/mL PM2.5 or PM2.5-10 with and without 10 μM NOX inhibitor for 48 h. (C) CXCL1 and (D) IL-6 protein concentrations were measured in the media. MVSMCs were treated with d2H2O or 25 μg/mL PM2.5 or PM2.5-10 with and without 10 μM NOX1 inhibitor for 48 h. (E) CXCL1 and (F) IL-6 protein concentrations were measured in the media. NC-MVSMCs and siNOX4-MVSMCs were treated with d2H2O or 25 μg/mL PM2.5 or PM2.5-10 for 48 h. (G) CXCL1 and (H) IL-6 protein concentrations were measured in the media. The results are presented as the mean ± SD for the three or three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, compared with vehicle-treated cells. # p < 0.05, compared with inhibitor-treated cells. Con: d2H2O treatment as control; NC: negative control for siRNA.