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. 2021 May 14;10(5):782. doi: 10.3390/antiox10050782

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Polyphenolic compounds prevented PM_2.5-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in MVSMCs. MVSMCs were treated with d₂H₂O or 25 μg/mL PM_2.5 or PM_2.5-10 with and without 5 μM curcumin, resveratrol, GA, or honokiol. (A,B) CXCL1 protein concentrations in the media were quantified. (C,D) IL-6 protein concentrations in the media were quantified. The results are presented as the mean ± SD for three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, compared with d₂H₂O-treated cells. # p < 0.05, compared with herbal compound-treated cells.