Table 1.
Characteristics of the group with a comparison of survivors and non-survivors.
| Variables | Total | Death | p-Value * | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (998) | Yes (58) | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Sex (n = 1056) | M | 704 | 66.7 | 671 | 67.2 | 33 | 56.9 | 0.10 |
| BMI (n = 775) | <18.5 | 12 | 1.5 | 10 | 1.4 | 2 | 5.6 | 0.039 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 203 | 26.2 | 194 | 26.3 | 9 | 25.0 | ||
| 25.0–29.9 | 264 | 34.1 | 247 | 33.4 | 17 | 47.2 | ||
| ≥30 | 296 | 38.2 | 288 | 39.0 | 8 | 22.2 | ||
| NRS (n = 1055) | <3 | 1010 | 95.7 | 964 | 96.7 | 46 | 79.3 | <0.001 |
| ≥3 | 45 | 4.3 | 33 | 3.3 | 12 | 20.7 | ||
| HF phenotype (n = 1056) | HFpEF | 304 | 28.8 | 288 | 28.9 | 15 | 25.9 | <0.001 |
| HFmrEF | 130 | 12.3 | 125 | 12.5 | 16 | 27.6 | ||
| HFrEF | 551 | 52.2 | 529 | 53.0 | 5 | 8.6 | ||
| No information | 71 | 6.7 | 56 | 5.6 | 22 | 37.9 | ||
| NYHA (n = 986) | 1 | 92 | 9.3 | 92 | 9.7 | - | - | <0.001 |
| 2 | 332 | 33.7 | 330 | 34.8 | 2 | 5.4 | ||
| 3 | 309 | 31.3 | 300 | 31.6 | 9 | 24.3 | ||
| 4 | 253 | 25.7 | 227 | 23.9 | 26 | 70.3 | ||
| CKD (n = 1056) | Yes | 395 | 37.4 | 375 | 37.6 | 20 | 34.5 | 0.64 |
| MI (n = 1056) | Yes | 326 | 30.9 | 306 | 30.7 | 20 | 34.5 | 0.54 |
| Type of MI (n = 1056) | No | 730 | 69.1 | 692 | 69.3 | 38 | 65.5 | 0.90 |
| STEMI | 90 | 8.5 | 84 | 8.4 | 6 | 10.3 | ||
| NSTEMI | 213 | 20.2 | 200 | 20.0 | 13 | 22.4 | ||
| No information | 23 | 2.2 | 22 | 2.2 | 1 | 1.7 | ||
| HT (n = 1056) | Yes | 761 | 72.1 | 722 | 72.3 | 39 | 67.2 | 0.40 |
| DM (n = 1056) | Yes | 456 | 43.2 | 428 | 42.9 | 28 | 48.3 | 0.42 |
| CS (n = 1056) | Yes | 124 | 11.7 | 113 | 11.3 | 11 | 19.0 | 0.08 |
| LDL (n = 1001) | <55 mg/dL | 150 | 15.0 | 132 | 13.9 | 18 | 36.7 | <0.001 |
| 55 to <70 mg/dL | 165 | 16.5 | 158 | 16.6 | 7 | 14.3 | ||
| 70 to <100 mg/dL | 364 | 36.4 | 346 | 36.3 | 18 | 36.7 | ||
| 100 to <116 mg/dL | 118 | 11.8 | 115 | 12.1 | 3 | 6.1 | ||
| 116 to <190 mg/dL | 192 | 19.2 | 190 | 20.0 | 2 | 4.1 | ||
| more than 190 mg/dL | 12 | 1.2 | 11 | 1.2 | 1 | 2.0 | ||
| LDL (n = 1001) | ≥70 | 686 | 68.5 | 662 | 69.5 | 24 | 49.0 | 0.003 |
| TG (n = 1009) | <135 | 701 | 69.5 | 668 | 69.7 | 33 | 66.0 | 0.34 |
| 135–200 | 207 | 20.5 | 198 | 20.6 | 9 | 18.0 | ||
| >200 | 101 | 10.0 | 93 | 9.7 | 8 | 16.0 | ||
| HDL (n = 1005) | <40 | 522 | 51.9 | 485 | 50.7 | 37 | 75.5 | 0.001 |
| >40 | 483 | 48.1 | 471 | 49.3 | 12 | 24.5 | ||
| Variables | SD | SD | SD | p-Value ** | ||||
| Age (n = 1056) | 69.73 | 12.92 | 69.27 | 12.95 | 77.72 | 9.20 | <0.001 | |
| BMI [kg/m2] (n = 775) | 28.97 | 6.20 | 29.07 | 6.22 | 27.01 | 5.44 | 0.052 | |
| Height [m] (n = 763) | 169.33 | 9.13 | 169.43 | 9.11 | 167.31 | 9.44 | 0.17 | |
| Body weight [kg] (n = 761) | 82.97 | 19.50 | 83.34 | 19.62 | 75.53 | 15.40 | 0.019 | |
| NT-proBNP [pg/mL] (n = 228) | 8128.43 | 10,973.43 | 8135.63 | 11,085.30 | 7861.77 | 5944.59 | 0.95 | |
| BNP [pg/mL] (n = 775) | 1046.69 | 1445.45 | 993.85 | 1424.94 | 1865.17 | 1528.66 | <0.001 | |
| TG [mg/dL] (n = 1009) | 124.36 | 67.25 | 124.25 | 67.30 | 126.40 | 66.98 | 0.83 | |
| LDL [mg/dL] (n = 1001) | 89.38 | 36.24 | 90.32 | 36.18 | 71.16 | 32.66 | <0.001 | |
| HDL [mg/dL] (n = 1005) | 41.86 | 13.84 | 42.31 | 13.81 | 33.14 | 11.61 | <0.001 | |
| TC [mg/dL] (n = 1010) | 155.79 | 46.66 | 157.49 | 46.66 | 123.16 | 32.70 | <0.001 | |
| CRP [mg/L] (n = 1023) | 16.06 | 32.14 | 14.11 | 28.17 | 49.13 | 63.21 | <0.001 | |
| Albumin [g/dL] (n = 278) | 3.34 | 0.58 | 3.41 | 0.55 | 2.88 | 0.57 | <0.001 | |
| Transferrin [g/L] (n = 261) | 2.45 | 0.63 | 2.47 | 0.61 | 2.14 | 0.73 | 0.029 | |
| Lymphocytes [%] (n = 375) | 20.32 | 9.94 | 21.22 | 9.68 | 11.80 | 8.21 | <0.001 | |
| PCT [ng/mL] (n = 428) | 0.82 | 3.59 | 0.62 | 3.00 | 2.39 | 6.44 | 0.001 | |
Abbreviations: n, number of participants; M, males; , mean; SD, standard deviation; p, level of significance; BMI, body mass index; NRS, nutritional risk screening; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFmrEF, heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association classification; CKD, chronic kidney disease; MI, myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; HT, arterial hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CS, cerebral stroke; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; TC, total cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; * χ2 test; ** t-test.