Table 4.
Fall-risk classification of geriatrician’s fall assessment using ML with the kinematics measures of the TUG test and comparison with traditional clinical TUG test.
| Sensor | Classification Method | Acc (%) | Se (%) | Sp (%) | J Index | F1-Score | AUC | C-Statistic (95% CI) |
C-Statistic p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | Clinical TUG test |
70.65 (53.80, 85.78) |
56.02 (27.48, 81.64) |
88.53 (67.70, 100) |
0.44 (0.10, 0.73) |
0.67 (0.41, 0.85) |
0.72 (0.55, 0.87) |
25.70 (0.71, 0.74) |
<0.001 |
| Neck | SVM_gyro | 67.13 (50.00, 80.00) |
92.51 (72.72, 100) |
36.11 (11.11, 66.67) |
0.29 (0.04, 0.57) |
0.81 (0.69, 0.92) |
0.70 (0.51, 0.90) |
18.57 (0.68, 0.73) |
<0.001 |
| SVM_accel | 62.39 (46.87, 75.00) |
83.14 (54.54, 100) |
36.57 (4.17, 66.67) |
0.21 (0.02, 0.46) |
0.77 (0.62, 0.88) |
0.71 (0.51, 0.87) |
23.05 (0.69, 0.73) |
<0.001 | |
| CNN_gyro | 66.21 (50.00, 80.00) |
86.51 (56.82, 100) |
41.27 (11.11, 66.67) |
0.28 (0.05, 0.57) |
0.80 (0.67, 0.92) |
0.75 (0.54, 0.92) |
25.20 (0.73, 0.77) |
<0.001 | |
| CNN_accel | 63.08 (50.00, 75.00) |
75.47 (45.45, 100) |
47.93 (22.22, 66.67) |
0.25 (0.01, 0.48) |
0.75 (0.55, 0.88) |
0.73 (0.49, 0.89) |
20.32 (0.71, 0.75) |
<0.001 | |
| Right | SVM_gyro | 56.06 (50.00, 67.87) |
98.00 (81.82, 100) |
4.89 (0.00, 33.33) |
0.05 (0.00, 0.33) |
0.76 (0.71, 0.84) |
0.52 (0.41, 0.71) |
3.33 (0.51, 0.53) |
<0.001 |
| SVM_accel | 55.35 (55.00, 60.00) |
99.64 (95.22, 100) |
1.22 (0.00, 11.11) |
0.01 (0.00, 0.11) |
0.76 (0.73, 0.79) |
0.50 (0.43, 0.55) |
1.55 (0.49, 0.51) |
0.061 | |
| CNN_gyro | 59.77 (45.00, 79.50) |
83.18 (46.82, 100) |
31.04 (0.00, 66.67) |
0.17 (0.00, 0.56) |
0.75 (0.59, 0.91) |
0.66 (0.47, 0.84) |
14.82 (0.64, 0.68) |
<0.001 | |
| CNN_accel | 58.33 (45.00, 75.00) |
79.57 (36.36, 100) |
32.37 (0.00, 66.67) |
0.16 (0.00, 0.44) |
0.72 (0.50, 0.86) |
0.61 (0.38, 0.81) |
9.92 (0.58, 0.63) |
<0.001 | |
| Left | SVM_gyro | 56.65 (55.00, 65.00) |
99.36 (90.91, 100) |
4.55 (0.00, 22.22) |
0.04 (0.00, 0.22) |
0.77 (0.73, 0.82) |
0.53 (0.43, 0.66) |
4.77 (0.52, 0.54) |
<0.001 |
| SVM_accel | 55.00 (55.00, 55.00) |
100 (100, 100) |
0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.76 (0.76, 0.76) |
0.50 (0.50, 0.50) |
−1.00 (0.49, 0.50) |
0.841 | |
| CNN_gyro | 60.91 (45.00, 73.50) |
81.13 (39.09, 100) |
36.20 (0.00, 66.67) |
0.19 (0.00, 0.45) |
0.75 (0.51, 0.86) |
0.68 (0.48, 0.88) |
15.71 (0.65, 0.70) |
<0.001 | |
| CNN_accel | 59.41 (40.00, 78.50) |
82.89 (36.36, 100) |
30.70 (0.00, 66.67) |
0.18 (0.00, 0.53) |
0.71 (0.00, 0.90) |
0.63 (0.37, 0.84) |
10.45 (0.61, 0.65) |
<0.001 |