Table A1.

An overview of fall-risk assessment clinical tests.

Tests	Function	Measurement	Assessment	Average Completion Time
FSST	Stepping over multiple low objects in different directions.	completion time	dynamic standing stability	<5 m
TUG test	Standing up from a chair, walking for three meters, turning, walking back to the chair, and sitting down.	completion time	gait and balance	<2 m
FRT	Measures the maximum forward reach without moving the feet (while standing in a fixed position).	maximum forward reach	stability and balance	<2 m
Step test	Stepping on the same foot on a stair without moving the other foot for 15 s.	number of steps	dynamic standing stability	<1 m
BBS	Performing 14 static and dynamic balance-related tasks, including standing, sitting, turning, reaching forward.	a total score of all the tasks	stability and balance	>15 m
4-stage balance	Standing in 4 different foot positions, in each stage, not moving the feet while keeping the balance.	total time of keeping the balance	stability and balance	<2 m
30 sec stand	Standing up from a chair and sitting back, repeating this move for 30 s.	number of stands, age- and gender-dependent	functional lower extremity strength	<2 m