Table 4.
Results of hierarchical regression analyses showing amount of variance in the proactive versus fight/flight reactions dimension accounted for by country of residence, condition, gender, age, Big Five personality traits, DASS-21, aggression, and resilience.
| Model | Ba | SE | βb | t | P value | Fc | R | R 2 | ΔR2d | |||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
(Constant) | 0.48 | .11 | —e | 4.43 | <.001 | 22.59 | .30 | .09 | .09 | ||||||||
|
|
Countryf | 0 | .06 | 0 | 0 | >.99 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Conditiong | 0.17 | .06 | .09 | 2.73 | .01 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Genderh | 0.31 | .06 | .16 | 4.85 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Age | –0.02 | 0 | –.26 | –8.10 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| 2a | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
(Constant) | 0.08 | .09 | — | 0.81 | .42 | 68.57 | .64 | .41 | .32 | ||||||||
|
|
Countryf | 0.07 | .05 | .04 | 1.37 | .17 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Conditiong | 0.17 | .05 | .08 | 3.23 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Genderh | 0.07 | .05 | .03 | 1.21 | .23 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Age | –0.01 | 0 | –.08 | –2.92 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Extraversion | 0.10 | .04 | .07 | 2.44 | .02 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Agreeableness | –0.51 | .05 | –.34 | –10.26 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Conscientiousness | –0.31 | .05 | –.19 | –6.08 | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Emotional stability | –0.05 | .05 | –.03 | –0.99 | .32 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Openness | –0.41 | .06 | –.22 | –7.29 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| 2b | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
(Constant) | –0.33 | .22 | — | –1.51 | .13 | 62.82 | .57 | .33 | .24 | ||||||||
|
|
Countryf | 0.12 | .06 | .06 | 2.17 | .03 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Conditiong | 0.14 | .06 | .07 | 2.26 | .01 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Genderh | 0.20 | .06 | .10 | 3.58 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Age | –0.01 | 0 | –.07 | –2.44 | .02 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Depression, anxiety, stress | 0.34 | .06 | .26 | 6.04 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Aggression | 0.27 | .05 | .25 | 5.96 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
Resilience | –0.04 | .01 | –.19 | –7.02 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
aB: unstandardized coefficient.
bβ: beta standardized coefficient.
cF: F ratio.
dΔR2: R2 change.
eNot applicable.
fReference category: United Kingdom.
gReference category: ambiguous situation.
hReference category: women.