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. 2021 May 26;78(8):1–8. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0959

Figure 1. Directed Acyclic Graphs Demonstrating Advantages of Mendelian Randomization (MR).

Figure 1.

A, Advantages with respect to potential causal inference. B, Potential bias in mendelian randomization due to pleiotropy. Some genetic variants associated with diurnal preference have also been associated with the independent pathways listed in this section.