Figure 1.

Distribution of the enrolled cohorts. The collected cohorts included two retrospective training cohorts (n = 635) and one external prospective validation cohort (n = 115). The retrospective training cohort for CE-CT based models was collected from Beijing Youan Hospital (n = 156) and the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University (n = 150); for EOB-MRI-based model training, it was collected from Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital (n = 207) and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital (n = 122). The prospective cohort contained 115 patients who underwent both CE-CT and EOB-MRI. The validation cohort was used for model validation, as well as the head-to-head comparison.