Table 2.
Efficacy of previous clinical studies.
| Author | Preoperative Imaging Modality |
Number of Preoperative Localized SLNs |
Number of Intraoperative Radioactive SLNs |
Number of Intraoperative Fluorescent SLNs |
Number of Patient with Detected SLNS | Number of Patient with Metastatic SLNs | Recurrence (Number of Patients) |
Type of Surgical Procedure | Number of Patient with False Negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bredell (2010) [71] |
NA | NA | NA | 1–5 per patient (average 3) | 8/8 (100%) | 1 (12.5%) | NA | Biopsy | NA |
| van den Berg (2012) [72] |
LSG followed by SPECT/CT |
41 | 43 | 47 | 14/14 (100%) | 1 (7.1%) | NA | Biopsy | NA |
| Iwai (2012) [73] |
CT lymphography | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Biopsy | NA |
| van der Vorst (2013) [66] |
NA | NA | NA | 17 (average 1.7 ± 0.8 per patient) |
10/10 (100%) | 3 (30%) | NA | Planned neck dissection | 1 |
| Borbón-Arce (2014) [74] |
LSG followed by SPECT/CT |
67 | 87 | 86 | 25/25 (100%) | 6 (24%) | NA | Biopsy | 0 |
| Murase (2015) [75] |
LSG followed by SPECT/CT |
25 | 28 | 35 | 16/16 (100%) | 2 (12.5%) | 1 (in positive SLN): DOD-11 months, 1 (in negative SLN): DOC-24 months (3 years follow up) |
Biopsy | 0 |
| Peng (2015) [68] |
NA | NA | NA | 88 (average 3.4 per patient) |
26/26 (100%) | 4 (15.4%) | NA | Planned neck dissection | 0 |
| Nakamura (2015) [69] |
LSG | 31 | 31 | ICG alone: total 3 LNs, ICG + RI: average 3 LNs, RI alone: average 2 LNs |
19/19 (100%) | 2 (10.5%) ICG alone: none ICG + RI: 1 RI alone: 1 |
1 (RI-alone): nodal recurrence 1 year later | Biopsy(+)-> neck dissection | 1 |
| Christensen (2016) [70] |
LSG followed by SPECT/CT |
68 | 83 | 94 | 30/30 (100%) | 6 (20%) | NA | Biopsy | 0 |
| Al-Dam (2018) [63] |
NA | NA | NA | 39 (average 1.95 per patient) |
20/20 (100%) | 8 (40%) | 4: regional relapse (2.4 years follow up) |
Planned neck dissection | 4 |
| Honda (2019) [76] |
CT lymphography | 25 (16/18 pts) |
NA | 29 | 16/16 (100%) | 5 (31.3%) | 2 | T1-2: Biopsy(+)-> neck dissection, Advanced T2: Planned neck dissection | 2 |
| Kim (2020) [67] |
NA | NA | NA | 31 | 9/9 (100%) | 2 (22.2%) | None (4 years follow up) |
Planned neck dissection | 0 |
| Yokohama (2020) [77] |
LSG with or without SPECT/CT | NA | 63 | 67 | 18/18(100%) | 5/18 (27.7%) | 5 | Biopsy(+)-> neck dissection | 0 |
LSG, lymphoscintigraphy; RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SCCA, squamous cell carcinoma antigen; NED, no evidence of disease; DOC, died of other cause; DOD, died of disease; NA, Not Applicable.