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Sphingosine Metabolism. Sphingosine, produced by ceramide hydrolysis via ceramidase, is phosphorylated by sphingosine 1 kinase to generate sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), which promotes endothelial cell survival via S1P receptor 1 (S1P1). S1P is irreversibly degraded by S1P lyase (SGPL-1).
