Table 6.

Effect of matcha or caffeine intake on facial expression recognition-related tasks.

Task			−4 Weeks (1)	0 Weeks (2)	12 Weeks (3)	Change from Baseline		p-Values (KW Test)
			(Baseline)	(Single Dose)		0 W (4)	12 W (5)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
POET	Correct responses	Placebo	10.5 ± 1.0	10.4 ± 1.4	10.2 ± 1.7	−0.18 ± 1.1	−0.35 ± 1.7	0.09	0.98	0.74	0.11	0.14
		Caffeine	11.1 ± 0.8	10.4 ± 1.4	10.5 ± 1.3	−0.65 ± 1.1	−0.59 ± 1.2
		Matcha	10.2 ± 1.3	10.5 ± 1.1	10.5 ± 1.7	0.29 ± 1.5	0.29 ± 1.6
	Average reaction time	Placebo	1282 ± 161	1227 ± 183	1261 ± 205	−55.4 ± 185	−21.4 ± 149	0.13	0.07	0.14	0.76	0.77
	correct (ms)	Caffeine	1168 ± 140	1095 ± 151	1145 ± 166	−72.2 ± 108	−23.0 ± 176
		Matcha	1228 ± 185	1148 ± 151	1220 ± 127	−80.2 ± 186	−7.65 ± 189
	Omission errors	Placebo	1.47 ± 1.0	1.65 ± 1.4	1.82 ± 1.7	0.18 ± 1.1	0.35 ± 1.7	0.09	0.98	0.74	0.11	0.14
		Caffeine	0.94 ± 0.8	1.59 ± 1.4	1.53 ± 1.3	0.65 ± 1.1	0.59 ± 1.2
		Matcha	1.77 ± 1.3	1.47 ± 1.1	1.47 ± 1.7	−0.29 ± 1.5	−0.29 ± 1.6
	Commission errors	Placebo	3.35 ± 1.9	2.53 ± 1.8	2.12 ± 1.5	−0.82 ± 1.2	−1.24 ± 1.3	0.39	0.94	0.69	0.58	0.88
		Caffeine	2.59 ± 2.3	2.29 ± 1.8	1.82 ± 2.0	−0.29 ± 2.0	−0.77 ± 2.9
		Matcha	3.41 ± 3.1	2.53 ± 2.5	2.12 ± 1.9	−0.88 ± 2.3	−1.29 ± 2.5
Positive	Correct hits	Placebo	5.77 ± 0.4	5.35 ± 0.9	5.29 ± 1.0	−0.41 ± 1.1	−0.47 ± 0.9	0.76	0.57	0.37	0.30	0.23
Emotions		Caffeine	5.65 ± 0.5	5.12 ± 1.2	5.41 ± 1.0	−0.53 ± 0.9	−0.24 ± 0.8
		Matcha	5.65 ± 0.6	5.59 ± 0.6	5.65 ± 0.9	−0.06 ± 0.8	0.00± 0.7
	Reaction time (ms)	Placebo	1285 ± 184	1227 ± 184	1234 ± 223	−58.2 ± 227	−51.2 ± 186	0.08	0.09	0.35	0.61	0.53
		Caffeine	1136 ± 185	1104 ± 163	1141 ± 207	−32.6 ± 155	4.53 ± 189
		Matcha	1231 ± 193	1139 ± 144	1168 ± 127	−92.4 ± 197	−63.2 ± 182
Negative	Correct hits	Placebo	4.77 ± 0.8	5.00 ± 1.0	4.88 ± 1.2	0.24 ± 0.9	0.12 ± 1.6	0.04	0.55	0.91	0.46	0.27
Emotions		Caffeine	5.41 ± 0.8	5.29 ± 0.8	5.06 ± 1.0	−0.12 ± 0.8	−0.35 ± 1.2
		Matcha	4.59 ± 1.2	4.94 ± 1.0	4.88 ± 1.2	0.35 ± 1.3	0.29 ± 1.4
	Reaction time (ms)	Placebo	1278 ± 203	1229 ± 223	1289 ± 212	−48.8 ± 193	11.5 ± 193	0.56	0.18	0.04	0.87	0.32
		Caffeine	1204 ± 169	1096 ± 182	1142 ± 183	−108 ± 212	−62.2 ± 253
		Matcha	1227 ± 227	1164 ± 206	1291 ± 174	−63.1 ± 249	63.8 ± 274

Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Group (inter) analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (KW). (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) The numbers in brackets at −4 weeks, 0 weeks and 12 weeks corresponded to the numbers listed in the column with the p-value for the KW test. Time (intra) was analyzed using Dunnett’s test (T3) for intra-group comparisons, using the baseline condition as the reference (baseline vs. 0 W and baseline vs. 12 W). Abbreviations: KW, Kruskal–Wallis test; POET, Perception of Emotions test; W, weeks.