Table 8.
Effect of matcha or caffeine intake on visual information processing-related tasks.
| Task | −4 Weeks (1) | 0 Weeks (2) | 12 Weeks (3) | Change from Baseline | p-Values (KW Test) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Baseline) | (Single Dose) | 0 W (4) | 12 W (5) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | ||||
| SDC | Correct responses | Placebo | 57.5 ± 10 | 58.1 ± 8.6 | 59.6 ± 8.9 | 0.53 ± 5.3 | 2.06 ± 5.6 | 0.46 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.46 |
| Caffeine | 59.1 ± 6.9 | 62.2 ± 5.4 | 63.4 ± 5.0 | 3.12 ± 3.7 | 4.24 ± 3.7 | |||||||
| Matcha | 55.4 ± 9.0 | 59.2 ± 7.2 | 59.4 ± 7.8 | 3.88 ± 6.1 | 4.00 ± 8.4 | |||||||
| Errors | Placebo | 0.53 ± 0.9 | 1.18 ± 2.3 | 0.53 ± 1.0 | 0.65 ± 2.4 | 0.00 ± 1.5 | 0.22 | 0.82 | 0.55 | 0.16 | 0.78 | |
| Caffeine | 0.53 ± 0.6 | 0.41 ± 0.6 | 0.41 ± 0.6 | −0.12 ± 0.5 | −0.12 ± 0.9 | |||||||
| Matcha | 1.71 ± 4.0 | 0.88 ± 1.8 | 0.59 ± 0.6 | −0.82 ± 3.7 | −1.12 ± 4.0 | |||||||
| NVRT | Correct responses | Placebo | 9.77 ± 1.8 | 10.6 ± 2.0 | 9.94 ± 1.8 | 0.82 ± 1.7 | 0.18 ± 1.9 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.91 | 0.27 | 0.21 |
| Caffeine | 10.3 ± 2.1 | 10.2 ± 2.0 | 9.88 ± 2.0 | −0.12 ± 1.8 | −0.41 ± 2.4 | |||||||
| Matcha | 9.35 ± 2.0 | 9.18 ± 3.0 | 10.2 ± 2.4 | −0.18 ± 2.7 | 0.82 ± 2.7 | |||||||
| Average reaction time, | Placebo | 4255 ± 1132 | 4406 ± 825 | 4338 ± 743 | 151 ± 968 | 82.9 ± 1022 | 0.66 | 0.38 | 0.94 | 0.06 | 0.53 | |
| correct (ms) | Caffeine | 4566 ± 926 | 3961 ± 1153 | 4238 ± 782 | −605 ± 1202 | −327 ± 1021 | ||||||
| Matcha | 4506 ± 1075 | 4030 ± 1001 | 4297 ± 1043 | −476 ± 1006 | −209 ± 1252 | |||||||
| Commission errors | Placebo | 4.82 ± 2.0 | 4.00 ± 1.9 | 4.65 ± 2.1 | −0.82 ± 1.5 | −0.18 ± 2.0 | 0.53 | 0.16 | 0.98 | 0.08 | 0.43 | |
| Caffeine | 4.18 ± 2.2 | 4.65 ± 2.1 | 4.77 ± 2.3 | 0.47± 1.9 | 0.59 ± 2.6 | |||||||
| Matcha | 4.94 ± 2.2 | 5.65 ± 3.2 | 4.59 ± 2.6 | 0.71± 2.8 | −0.35 ± 3.1 | |||||||
| Omission errors | Placebo | 0.41 ± 0.5 | 0.41 ± 0.6 | 0.41 ± 0.6 | 0.00± 0.9 | 0.00 ± 0.6 | 0.75 | 0.34 | 0.67 | 0.40 | 0.41 | |
| Caffeine | 0.53 ± 0.6 | 0.18 ± 0.4 | 0.35 ± 0.5 | −0.35 ± 0.7 | −0.18 ± 0.6 | |||||||
| Matcha | 0.71 ± 0.9 | 0.18 ± 0.4 | 0.24 ± 0.4 | −0.53 ± 1.0 | −0.47 ± 1.0 | |||||||
Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Group (inter) analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (KW). (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) The numbers in brackets at −4 weeks, 0 weeks and 12 weeks corresponded to the numbers listed in the column with the p-value for the KW test. Time (intra) was analyzed using Dunnett’s test (T3) for intra-group comparisons, using the baseline condition as the reference (baseline vs. 0 W and baseline vs. 12 W). Abbreviations: SDC, Symbol Digit Coding test; NVRT, Non-Verbal Reasoning test; KW, Kruskal–Wallis test; W, weeks.