Table 2. Complex Urban Systems for Sustainability and Health (CUSSH) stakeholders: what do we mean by policymakers, decision-makers, planners, policy entrepreneurs, governance, and civil society actors?

Term	Definition	Partners in CUSSH
Policymakers	Public policy can be defined as ‘the deliberate decisions - actions and nonactions - of a government or an equivalent authority toward specific objectives’ 75. Of the many actors involved in setting public policy agendas, those affiliated with government who are taking policy decisions are considered policymakers.	Policymakers working with CUSSH include national and local government actors working within health, environment, housing, and other sectors.
Decision- makers	Decision-makers is a broad term covering a range of stakeholders. Within public policy, the actors taking decisions may be affiliated with government or acting on its behalf.	Decision-makers working with CUSSH include a range of stakeholders who influence the urban environment: national and local governmental staff, planners, developers, financiers.
Planners	Urban planning is the ‘well-honed practice of systematic compromise’ 76, or the process of moving from knowledge to action 77. Planning’s purpose and means are contested and diverse 78. Planners shape and apply regulations about land use, take decisions in the interest of the public, balance competing interests, and seek to increase transparency and participation in local decision-making.	Within some of the CUSSH cities urban and city planners are involved in the programme.
Policy entrepreneurs	Actors who use their power, knowledge, and networks to achieve their goals by influencing policy. They may be consultants, non- governmental organisations, politicians, lobbyists, or others 79.	Policy entrepreneurs working with CUSSH include non-government organizations working within the health, environment, and sustainability sectors.
Civil society actors	Actors involved in public policy include ‘individuals or collectives such as organizations, networks, or coalitions—and their attributes, including their knowledge, values, beliefs, interests, strategies, and resources’ 75.	Civil society actors working with CUSSH include public and community groups and networks within the cities.