Table 5. Assumptions linked to the Action Model.

Action	Assumption
1 Build relationships and consensus	Different partners desire and are able to meet and discuss their objectives, roles, and assumptions. The discussions and working together lead to a coherent vision.
2 Understand city context	A deep enough understanding of context can be developed and is sufficient to be useful in objective setting and planning. Participants derive benefits from a System Dynamics approach. City reports are granular and directional enough to be useful in the planning process. Willing and able partners can be found.
3 Synthesise city evidence synthesis	Existing policies and actions can be identified, understood and do not change too rapidly to be useful. Diagrams and simulations are developed and are then useable in the planning process. Intersectional concerns are not an insurmountable barrier to action.
4 Synthesise global evidence 5 Assess if objectives can be met	A sufficient extent of relevant global evidence has been reported in the academic literature It is possible to extract transferable knowledge from disparate global evidence. Stakeholders find global evidence intelligible and relevant to their situations.
6 Build and use models	Relevant datasets are available. Agreement is reached on indicators for each city. Models and microsimulation can generate useful data at city level.
7 Compare scenarios	Decision-makers are interested in comparing scenarios and find the comparisons credible. Plans can vary on the basis of model predictions and simulations are given weight in decision situations with multiple competing agendas.
8 Plan together	Meaningful interaction between decision-makers, researchers, and citizens is possible. Approaches to participatory planning are seen as feasible. Media output can be affected by training and decision-makers respond to it.
9 & 10 Develop and implement plans	Plans translate into actions at city level.