Table 1.
Prevalence of clinical characteristics or symptoms experienced by COVID-19 patients according to the setting (primary care vs internal medicine ward) and risk ratio for having a mild disease (not requiring hospitalisation)
| Primary care, n (%) | Internal medicine ward, n (%) | Risk ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| No comorbidities | 38 (80.9) | 9 (19.1) | 3.57 (2.12–5.98) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 8 (24.2) | 25 (75.8) | 0.38 (0.20–0.72) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0) | 8 (100) | NA | 0.005 |
| Cardiopathy (any) | 1 (4.8) | 20 (95.2) | 0.07 (0.03–0.52) | < 0.001 |
| Multimorbidity | 2 (6.3) | 30 (93.7) | 0.08 (0.02–0.33) | < 0.001 |
| Use of acetylsalicylic acid | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | 0.27 (0.07–1.01) | 0.014 |
| Use of NSAIDs | 33 (91.7) | 3 (8.3) | 3.45 (2.26–5.24) | < 0.001 |
| Use of anticoagulants | 1 (3.4) | 28 (96.6) | 0.04 (0.01–0.34) | < 0.001 |
| Polypharmacy | 5 (15.2) | 28 (84.8) | 0.22 (0.09–0.51) | < 0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | ||||
| Loss of appetite | 29 (51.8) | 27 (48.2) | 1.08 (0.72–1.61) | 0.841 |
| Epigastric pain | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 1.27 (0.78–2.06) | 0.553 |
| Pyrosis | 9 (60.0) | 6 (40.0) | 1.24 (0.77–1.98) | 0.576 |
| Nausea | 21 (60.0) | 14 (40.0) | 1.34 (0.91–1.97) | 0.208 |
| Vomiting | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 0.78 (0.35–1.71) | 0.740 |
| Post-prandial fullness | 15 (75.0) | 5 (25.0) | 1.71 (1.20–2.44) | 0.228 |
| Diarrhoea | 29 (61.7) | 18 (38.3) | 1.55 (1.04–2.32) | 0.044 |
| Bloating | 15 (71.4) | 6 (28.6) | 1.61 (1.11–2.32) | 0.047 |
| Respiratory symptoms | ||||
| Cough | 25 (51.0) | 24 (49.0) | 1.04 (0.70–1.54) | 1.00 |
| Stuffy nose | 25 (67.6) | 12 (32.4) | 1.70 (1.16–2.48) | 0.012 |
| Sore throat | 18 (56.3) | 14 (43.7) | 1.19 (0.80–1.77) | 0.521 |
| Catarrh | 10 (35.7) | 18 (64.3) | 0.64 (0.37–1.10) | 0.118 |
| Dyspnoea | 12 (30.7) | 27 (69.3) | 0.49 (0.29–0.82) | 0.003 |
| Chest pain | 9 (36.0) | 16 (64.0) | 0.65 (0.37–1.15) | 0.165 |
| Neurological symptoms | ||||
| Headache | 34 (80.9) | 8 (19.1) | 2.93 (1.88–4.56) | < 0.001 |
| Dizziness | 12 (44.4) | 15 (55.6) | 0.85 (0.53–1.37) | 0.652 |
| Anosmia | 28 (75.7) | 9 (24.3) | 2.16 (1.47–3.17) | < 0.001 |
| Ageusia | 30 (69.8) | 13 (30.2) | 1.98 (1.32–2.97) | 0.001 |
| Systemic symptoms | ||||
| Fatigue | 34 (50.7) | 33 (49.3) | 1.04 (0.68–1.59) | 1.00 |
| Fever (< 38 °C) | 22 (44.9) | 27 (55.1) | 0.81 (0.54–1.21) | 0.423 |
| Fever (≥ 38 °C) | 17 (47.2) | 19 (52.8) | 0.91 (0.60–1.39) | 0.835 |
| Myalgia | 31 (68.9) | 14 (31.1) | 1.99 (1.31–3.01) | 0.001 |
| Significant weight loss | 7 (53.9) | 6 (46.1) | 1.08 (0.65–1.88) | 1.00 |
| Joint pain | 23 (67.7) | 11 (32.3) | 1.65 (1.14–2.39) | 0.019 |
| Conjunctivitis | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.0) | 1.78 (1.26–2.52) | 0.022 |
NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs