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. 2021 May 14;22(10):5187. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105187

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cold exposure- or food intake-stimulated sympathetic activation through leptin action results in lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat (Beige AT). Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activated by leptin results in mobilization from WAT of free fatty acids (FFA), which are then used by BAT inducing heat production. Sympathetic activation also induces the formation of Beige AT through the browning of WAT, which contributes to adaptive thermogenesis [5].