Figure 6.

The leptin endocrine feedback loop to maintain the homeostasis of energy balance. In the CNS, the SCN clock rhythmically transmits the signal to the peripheral adipose tissue clock and potentiates the response of ARC neurons to circulating leptin. In white adipocytes, the BMAL1/CLOCK heterodimer that received signals from SCN directly controls leptin expression by regulating the activity of C/EBPα. Leptin stimulates SNS activity via the ARC of the hypothalamus to maintain energy homeostasis [54]. CNS, central nervous system; SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus; ARC, arcuate nucleus; C/EBPα, CCAATenhancer-binding protein alpha; SNS, sympathetic nervous system.