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(a) Three-point bending fatigue experiment on a AA7075/DC05 laminated composite specimen fatigued in the HCF regime at a maximum stress amplitude of 210 MPa inside the large-chamber SEM. (b) Crack initiation occurring at 9.1 M cycles after external pre-fatigue on a vibrophore testing machine; (c–f) in-situ observation of the fatigue crack propagation perpendicular to the interfaces (crack arrester orientation).
