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. 2021 May 14;14(10):2564. doi: 10.3390/ma14102564

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Toughening mechanisms in laminated aluminium/steel composites (AA7075/DC05) identified by means of in-situ fatigue experiments in three-point bending mode. Fatigue crack propagation perpendicular to the interfaces (crack arrester orientation). (a) LCF-regime: stress redistribution at interfaces leading to interface delamination, crack deflection at the interface towards the steel (DC05) layer, crack bridging of the deforming steel (DC05) layer; (b) HCF-regime: stress redistribution, crack deflection.