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. 2021 May 14;14(10):2564. doi: 10.3390/ma14102564

Table 6.

Average hardness H as measured by nanoindentation and Young’s modulus E of the respective AA2024, DC05, and Ti-G1 layers in AA2024/Ti-G1/DC05 N3 LMC systems and resulting gradients ∆H and ∆E at interfaces. Yield stress and ultimate tensile stress of the monolithic AA2024 N3, Ti-G1 N3, and DC05 N3 materials, as determined by uniaxial tensile tests.

Material AA2024/Ti-G1/DC05 N3 LMC Systems
AA2024 Layers Ti-G1 Layers DC05 Layers Gradients (∆H, ∆E)
Hardness H/GPa 2.58 ± 0.05 2.78 ± 0.15 3.20 ± 0.13 Ti-Al: 0.20 ± 0.16
Fe-Ti: 0.42 ± 0.20
Fe-Al: 0.62 ± 0.14
Young’s modulus E/GPa 69 1 103 2 210 3 Ti-Al: 64
Fe-Ti: 107
Fe-Al: 141
Material Monolithic Materials
AA2024 N3 Mono Ti-G1 N3 Mono DC05 N3 Mono Difference
Yield stress/MPa 639 ± 10 538 ± 4 554 ± 1 Al-Ti: 101 ± 11
Fe-Ti: 16 ± 5
Al-Fe: 85 ± 10
Ultimate tensile stress/MPa 654 ± 12 713 ± 2 704 ± 8 Ti-Al: 59 ± 12
Ti-Fe: 9 ± 8
Fe-Al: 50 ± 14

1 data based on [74]; 2 data based on [77]; 3 data based on [75].