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. 2021 May 17;8(5):58. doi: 10.3390/jcdd8050058

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Actin treadmilling mechanism. Actin elongation and breakdown are contingent upon ATP levels; in f-actin elongation, g-monomers are “charged” (ATP rather than ADP + Pi) and are added to the positive (+) end. As it treadmills down towards the positive end, ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP + Pi, becomes unstable, and susceptible to cleavage proteins.