Table 4.

Potential questions for future research relating to the prescription of exercise and nutrition for prostate cancer patients receiving ADT aiming to lose fat mass and gain lean mass.

	Unanswered Questions for Prostate Cancer Patients on ADT Aiming to Induce Fat Loss and Muscle Gain.
Aerobic training	1. Will a low-intensity lead-in period designed to build baseline fitness reduce injury risk and improve adherence, particularly for high-risk patients?
	2. Is there a minimum intensity/volume for lipolysis and muscle protein synthesis stimulation?
Resistance training	1. Will a low-intensity familiarisation period designed to build baseline strength reduce injury risk and improve adherence, particularly for high-risk patients?
	2. Is there a minimum intensity/volume for muscle protein synthesis stimulation?
Nutritional intake	1. Who is an energy deficit or healthy eating guideline diet most appropriate for?
	2. What is the optimum protein intake to enhance muscle protein synthesis leading to muscle gain?
Other questions inclusive of all elements	1. Are the benefits gained from a combined exercise and nutrition intervention influenced by length of time on ADT?
	2. What is a clinically significant change in fat and lean mass for prostate cancer patients on ADT?

Images created with BioRender.com (accessed on 5 April 2021).