Figure 1.

Process pipeline for the production and clinical application of a stem cell product (either autologous or allogeneic). European Medicines Agency legislation established good manufacturing practices to be applied from the initial cell isolation and processing to the product fill and finish while also requiring a clear definition of the storage and shipping conditions of the finished cell product. We note that the figure depicts a general stem cell product pipeline and, although most processes already at clinical scale do not perform yet differentiation in the bioreactors. However, we believe the field will move in that direction since using planar platforms will be hardly feasible at a clinical scale.