| AAC | abdominal aortic calcification |
| ACTA-2 | smooth muscle a-2 actin |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BMP2 | bone morphogenetic protein-2 |
| CIMT | carotid intima-media thickness |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| eGFR | estimated glomerular rate |
| HIF | hypoxia-inducible factor |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| MGP | matrix Gla protein |
| Msx-2 | Msh homeobox 2 |
| MYH11 | smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11; |
| NCC | Na+-Cl− cotransporter |
| NF-k B | nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B |
| NLRP3 | nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| PDK4 | pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 |
| PHI | prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors |
| RCT | randomized controlled trial |
| RDI | recommended dietary intake |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| Runx2 | runt-related transcription factor 2 |
| SOD | chronic kidney disease |
| T50 | serum calcification propensity |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| TNFAIP3 | TNFa-induced protein 3 |
| VSMC | vasculature smooth muscle cell |
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