Table 1.

Effect of the administration of camel milk on body weight change and renal function biomarkers in cyclosporine-evoked renal damage in rats.

	Control	Control + CM 10	CsA	CsA + CM 10	CsA + QRC
Change of body weight (g) (final weight − initial weight)	16.12 ± 2.08	20.87 ± 3.45	−14.38 ± 1.79 *	5.32 ± 1.09 *,#	8.96 ± 1.52 #
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.38 ± 0.04	0.34 ± 0.04	1.05 ± 0.13 *	0.61 ± 0.05 #	0.72 ± 0.09 #
Serum BUN (mg/dL)	24.69 ± 1.34	30.86 ± 2.76	64.86 ± 5.59 *	37.98 ± 3.40 #	45.24 ± 4.18 #
Renal KIM-1 (pg/g tissue)	12.87 ± 1.07	11.65 ± 1.259	33.65 ± 3.88 *	17.28 ± 2.16 #	22.78 ± 1.56 #

Camel milk inhibits the loss of body weight and improves the renal dysfunction biomarkers triggered by CsA, including serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alongside the renal protein expression of the kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Cyclosporine (20 mg/kg/day) was subcutaneously injected for 3 consecutive weeks and camel milk (10 mL/kg/day) was orally administered by gavage for the same period. Values are displayed as mean ± SEM, for n = 8 samples per each group (one sample from each rat). * Significance vs. control values at p < 0.05; ^# Significance vs. CsA values at p < 0.05. CsA, cyclosporine (20 mg/kg/day, s.c., for 3 weeks); CM 10, camel milk (10 mL/kg/day, by gavage, for 3 weeks); QRC; the reference antioxidant quercetin (50 mg/kg/day, by gavage, for 3 weeks).