Table 4.

Percentage content of most common lignocellulosic wastes [117,118].

Lignocellulosic Wastes	Lignin (%)	Hemicellulose (%)	Cellulose (%)
Softwood stems	25–35	25–35	45–50
Hardwood stems	18–25	24–40	40–55
Miscellaneous Corn stover	19	22	39
Wheat straw	15	50	30
Rice straw	18	24	33
Nutshells	30–40	25–30	25–30
Peels	14–20	11	4
Shells	26–30	20–25	40–45
Sorted refuse	20	20	60
Swine waste	n/a	28	6
Solid cattle manure	2.7–5.7	1.4–3.3	1.6–4.7
Grass	10–25	35–50	30–40
Cotton seed hairs	0	5–20	80–95
Leaves	0	80–85	15–20
Sawdust	14–34	71–89	31–64
Paper	0–15	0	85–99
Newspaper	14–19	25–40	40–55
Wastepaper from chemical pulps	5–10	10–20	60–70
Primary wastewater solids	24–29	n/a	8–15