Table 1.
Participant demographics and health status (N = 10,183).
| Variable | Total n = 10183 |
Brazil n = 6470 |
Malaysia n = 1738 |
Thailand n = 1124 |
Bangladesh n = 230 |
DR Congo n = 219 |
Benin n = 159 |
Uganda n = 107 |
Malawi n = 81 |
Mali n = 55 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 3579 (35.1) | 2125 (32.8) | 600 (34.5) | 343 (30.5) | 93 (40.4) | 169 (77.2) | 112 (70.4) | 55 (51.4) | 35 (43.2) | 47 (85.5) |
| Female | 6604 (64.9) | 4345 (67.2) | 1138 (65.5) | 781 (69.5) | 137 (59.6) | 50 (22.8) | 47 (29.6) | 52 (48.6) | 46 (56.8) | 8 (14.5) |
| Age, years | ||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 45.06 ± 15.01 | 48.07 ± 14.57 | 41.05 ± 15.85 | 43.58 ± 12.76 | 28.62 ± 6.53 | 35.20 ± 8.96 | 28.50±10.24 | 33.79 ± 8.84 | 37.80 ± 8.63 | 37.44 ± 8.99 |
| Median (Min, Max) | 45 (18, 93) | 49 (18, 93) | 38 (18, 87) | 45 (18, 81) | 27 (18, 60) | 35 (20, 65) | 25 (18, 65) | 32 (20, 63) | 38 (18, 69) | 36 (25, 65) |
| 18–29 | 3206 (31.5) | 424 (11.6) | 166 (31.2) | 245 (19.4) | 1590 (61.3) | 225 (29.7) | 342 (62.3) | 138 (37.4) | 41 (14.7) | 35 (18.4) |
| 30–39 | 2707 (26.6) | 734 (20.1) | 116 (21.8) | 205 (16.2) | 891 (34.3) | 308 (40.6) | 121 (22.0) | 138 (37.4) | 114 (40.9) | 80 (42.1) |
| 40–49 | 1621 (15.9) | 708 (19.4) | 74 (13.9) | 300 (23.7) | 68 (2.6) | 173 (22.8) | 59 (10.7) | 66 (17.9) | 111 (39.8) | 62 (32.6) |
| 50–59 | 1490 (14.6) | 836 (22.9) | 79 (14.8) | 446 (35.2) | 23 (0.9) | 38 (5.0) | 24 (4.4) | 24 (6.5) | 10 (3.6) | 10 (5.3) |
| 60 and above | 1157 (11.4) | 941 (25.8) | 97 (18.2) | 70 (5.5) | 23 (0.9) | 14 (1.8) | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.8) | 3 (1.1) | 3 (1.6) |
| Highest education level attained | ||||||||||
| Primary/Secondary | 1316 (13.0) | 760 (11. 8) | 328 (18.9) | 177 (15.7) | 23 (10.0) | 7 (3.2) | 11 (6.9) | 3 (2.8) | 6 (7.4) | 1 (1.8) |
| Completed undergraduate degree | 4028 (39.5) | 2041 (31.5) | 890 (51.2) | 647 (57.6) | 123 (53.5) | 150 (68.5) | 79 (49.7) | 54 (50.5) | 39 (48.2) | 5 (9.1) |
| Completed postgraduate degree | 4839 (47.5) | 3669 (56.7) | 520 (29.9) | 300 (26.7) | 84 (36.5) | 62 (28.3) | 69 (43.4) | 50 (46.7) | 36 (44.4) | 49 (89.1) |
| Socio-economic category | ||||||||||
| Low | 839 (8.2) | 283 (4.4) | 245 (14.1) | 242 (21.5) | 6 (2.6) | 14 (6.4) | 13 (8.2) | 27 (25.2) | 6 (7.4) | 3 (5.5) |
| Lower middle | 4459 (43.9) | 2599 (40.2) | 710 (40.9) | 690 (61.4) | 89 (38.7) | 147 (67.1) | 101 (63.5) | 52 (48.6) | 36 (44.4) | 35 (63.6) |
| Upper middle | 4381 (43.0) | 3187 (49.2) | 723 (41.6) | 175 (15.6) | 128 (55.7) | 54 (24.7) | 40 (25.2) | 26 (24.3) | 33 (40.8) | 15 (27.3) |
| High | 504 (4.9) | 401 (6.2) | 60 (3.4) | 17 (1.5) | 7 (3.0) | 4 (1.8) | 5 (3.1) | 2 (1.9) | 6 (7.4) | 2 (3.6) |
| Residential setting | ||||||||||
| Rural | 812 (8.0) | 139 (2.1) | 202 (11.6) | 433 (38.5) | 4 (1.7) | 11 (5.1) | 10 (6.3) | 8 (7.5) | 3 (3.7) | 2 (3.7) |
| Suburban/Slum | 1185 (11.6) | 698 (10.8) | 238 (13.7) | 121 (10.8) | 34 (14.8) | 13 (5.9) | 30 (18.9) | 31 (29.0) | 13 (16.0) | 7 (12.7) |
| Urban | 8186 (80.4) | 5633 (87.1) | 1298 (74.7) | 570 (50.7) | 192 (83.5) | 195 (89.0) | 119 (74.8) | 68 (63.5) | 65 (80.3) | 46 (83.6) |
| Student or worker in the health sector (Yes) | 3500 (34.4) | 1964 (30.4) | 371 (21.3) | 618 (55.0) | 133 (57.8) | 142 (64.8) | 88 (55.3) | 91 (85.0) | 49 (60.5) | 44 (80.0) |
| Health status | ||||||||||
| COVID-19 testing/Infection status | ||||||||||
| Not tested/Does not know test results | 6078 (59.7) | 3283 (50.7) | 1246 (71.7) | 1017 (90.4) | 133 (57.8) | 122 (55.7) | 113 (71.1) | 71 (66.4) | 63 (77.7) | 30 (54.5) |
| Tested, negative | 3362 (33.0) | 2526 (39.1) | 473 (27.2) | 104 (9.3) | 60 (26.1) | 89 (40.6) | 42 (26.4) | 31 (29.0) | 16 (19.8) | 21 (38.2) |
| Tested, positive | 743 (7.3) | 661 (10.2) | 19 (1.1) | 3 (0.3) | 37 (16.1) | 8 (3.7) | 4 (2.5) | 5 (4.6) | 2 (2.5) | 4 (7.3) |
| Presence of chronic disease(s) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 2958 (29.0) | 2192 (33.9) | 415 (23.0) | 219 (19.5) | 49 (21.3) | 23 (10.5) | 11 (6.9) | 13 (12.1) | 26 (32.1) | 10 (18.2) |
| Psychological distress | ||||||||||
| Depression symptoms (PHQ-2 score ≥3) | 2058 (20.2) | 1448 (22.4) | 438 (25.2) | 44 (3.9) | 68 (29.6) | 22 (10.0) | 11 (6.9) | 14 (13.1) | 8 (9.9) | 5 (9.1) |
| Anxiety symptoms (GAD-2 score ≥3) | 2212 (21.7) | 1806 (27.9) | 260 (15.0) | 48 (4.3) | 47 (20.4) | 15 (6.8) | 6 (3.8) | 15 (14.0) | 6 (7.4) | 9 (16.4) |