Figure 39.

(A,B) When a parallel plate experiences a hypothetical pure thickness-shear deformation with in-plane gradients, volume is not conserved at those places, where the in-plane gradient is large. The pure thickness-shear mode therefore is not realized: The plate bends. In liquids, the bending is reduced because the liquid is compressed as well. (C) A map of the vertical displacement as determined with laser doppler velocimetry (LDV). Adapted from [172]. (D) Δf and ΔΓ determined in a temperature ramp. The opposite wall of the liquid cell was parallel to the resonator surface, which generated standing compressional waves with λ depending on temperature. Adapted from [189].