Table 1.
Rumen pH and the concentrations of LPS, PGN and LTA in the rumen and plasma.
| Item | Diet | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LC | HC | HCSB | HCHB | ||
| rumen pH value | 6.70 ± 0.18 ab | 6.24 ± 0.17 c | 6.72 ± 0.27 a | 6.53 ± 0.16 b | <0.01 |
| rumen LPS (EU/mL) | 25,565 ± 3433 c | 68,777 ± 5978 a | 55,173 ± 6135 b | 65,310 ± 7391 a | <0.01 |
| rumen PGN (μg/mL) | 42.9 ± 3.5 b | 122.4 ± 17.6 a | 106.7 ± 14.4 a | 121.1 ± 50.7 a | <0.01 |
| rumen LTA (μg/mL) | 2.42 ± 0.50 c | 4.16 ± 0.81 a | 3.10 ± 0.56 b | 4.03 ± 0.58 a | <0.01 |
| plasma LPS (EU/mL) | 0.07 ± 0.01 c | 0.23 ± 0.04 a | 0.20 ± 0.02 b | 0.23 ± 0.04 a | <0.01 |
| plasma PGN (pg/mL) | 173.8 ± 149.0 b | 485.6 ± 207.5 a | 200.1 ± 77.8 b | 423.6 ± 197.9 a | <0.01 |
| plasma LTA (ng/mL) | 11.5 ± 1.1 c | 16.9 ± 2.7 a | 14.1 ± 0.9 b | 16.3 ± 2.81 a | <0.01 |
LPS: lipopolysaccharide; PGN: peptidoglycan; LTA: lipoteichoic acid; EU: endotoxin unit; LC: low concentrate diet; HC: high concentrate diet; HCSB: HC supplemented with 1% sodium butyrate; HCHB: HC supplemented with 1% sodium β-hydroxybutyrate. The data are presented as means ± standard deviation. Means in the same row without a common superscript are significantly different (p < 0.05, n = 10), based on one-way analysis of variance with Duncan’s multiple range test.