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. 2021 May 18;11(5):322. doi: 10.3390/metabo11050322

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mitochondrial morphology is associated with the exogenous fatty acid usage and storage. (A) Representative images of live HeLa cells incubated in 5 mM glucose + 5 mM glutamine (BM); 5 mM glucose + 5 mM glutamine + 100 μM palmitic acid (BM + PA); 5 mM glucose + 5 mM glutamine + 100 μM oleic acid (BM + OA) for 4 h. Mitochondria are labeled with MitoTracker Orange and lipid droplets are labeled with LipidTOX Green. Scale bars = 10 μm. (B) Cartoon of mitochondria in a cell demonstrating how mitochondrial morphology was calculated. The total number of mitochondria was divided by the total area of mitochondria per cell to quantify the fragmentation of mitochondria. (C) Quantification of mitochondrial morphology. BM (n = 47); BM + PA (n = 45); BM + OA (n = 44). 3 independent experiments; Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Ordinary one-way ANOVA-Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (D) Quantification of Lipid Droplets contents. BM (n = 43); BM + PA (n = 41); BM + OA (n = 46). 3 independent experiments. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Ordinary one-way ANOVA-Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (E) Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) associated with ATP respiration. BM (n = 27); BM + PA (n = 25); BM + OA (n = 24). 3 independent experiments. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Ordinary one-way ANOVA-Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. ns = not significant; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001. All pictures were taken with spinning-disc confocal microscopy.