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. 2021 May 18;26(10):2984. doi: 10.3390/molecules26102984

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Changes in (a) the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry(Φ_PSΙΙ), the quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII (Φ_NPQ), and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (Φ_NO); and in (b) the fraction of open PSII reaction centers (q_p) at the whole leaflet level before feeding (control), at the feeding zone after feeding (FZ), and at the whole leaflet after feeding (WL). Error bars are standard deviations. Columns with different letters are statistically different (p < 0.05).