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Direct inactivation of enveloped RNA viruses by PVP-I. (A) Schematic representation of the method used to assess the virucidal activity of PVP-I. (B) Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) were incubated with indicated concentrations of PVP-I for one minute followed by plaque assay on Vero cells. The viral titer was expressed as log10 PFU/mL. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test was used for statistical analysis wherein, *** p < 0.001.
